Trehalose Inhibits the Heat-Induced Formation of the Amyloid-Like Structure of Soluble Proteins Isolated from Human Cata
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Trehalose Inhibits the Heat-Induced Formation of the Amyloid-Like Structure of Soluble Proteins Isolated from Human Cataract Lens Lakshman Ram1 · Chandrika Mittal1 · Ram Swaroop Harsolia2 · Jay Kant Yadav1 Accepted: 28 September 2020 / Published online: 10 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The age-dependent loss of solubility and aggregation of crystallins constitute the pathological hallmarks of cataract. Several biochemical and biophysical factors are responsible for the reduction of crystallins’ solubility and formation of irreversible protein aggregates, which display amyloid-like characteristics. The present study reports the heat-induced aggregation of soluble proteins isolated from human cataract lenses and the formation of amyloid-like structures. Exposure of protein at 55 °C for 4 h resulted in extensive (≈ 60%) protein aggregation. The heat-induced protein aggregates displayed substantial (≈ 20 nm) redshift in the wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) of Congo red (CR) and increase in Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence emission intensity, indicating the presence of amyloid-like structures in the heat-induced protein aggregates. Subsequently, the addition of trehalose resulted in substantial inhibition of heat-induced aggregation and the formation of amyloid-like structure. The ability of trehalose to inhibit the heat-induced aggregation was found to be linearly dependent upon its concentration used. The optimum effect was observed in the presence of 30–40% (w/v) trehalose where the aggregated was found to be reduced from 60 to 30%. The present study demonstrated the ability to trehalose to inhibit the protein aggregation and interfere with the formation of amyloid-like structures. Keywords Cataract · Soluble lens protein · Protein aggregation · Amyloids · Crystallins
1 Introduction A cataract is recognized as one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness worldwide [1]. However, the disease is relatively more prevailing in the population of lower socioeconomic status and developing countries. The people with pre-existing disease conditions, such as diabetes, are more prone to develop cataract at an earlier age and the disease pathology used to be more severe [2–5]. The onset of the disease is also adversely influenced by environmental conditions and lifestyles, such as exposure to sunlight and smoking. So far, no therapeutic strategy has been developed that can prevent or delay cataract development [6]. The process of cataract formation is categorically irreversible and * Jay Kant Yadav [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, NH‑8 Bandersindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
2
the surgical replacement of turbid eye lens with the artificial one is the only treatment available at present [7–9]. Although the method of treatment is quite reliable, its accessibility is limited in the
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