Trend of Allergic Rhinitis Post COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Observational Study
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Trend of Allergic Rhinitis Post COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Observational Study Abhishek Kishore Dayal1
•
Vineet Sinha1
Received: 7 September 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 Ó Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2020
Abstract To study, compare and analyse the trend of allergic rhinitis incidence post COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital in Patna Bihar. This is a retrospective observational study done at Patna medical college from January to June 2020. The number of patients with signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis post pandemic (March– July2020) were compared to preceding three months (Jan 2020–March2020). Chi square test was employed to know and infer whether the change in trend of incidence is statistically significant. There is decrease in trend of allergic rhinitis in our study at our centre. P \ .01. Decrease in pollution due to lockdown and increased use of mask and increase indoor activities may be the reason for decreasing trend of allergic rhinitis. Keywords Allergic rhinitis Pandemic ARIA guideline Pollutant PM2.5
Introduction Allergic rhinitis is the most common manifestation of allergy in the body worldwide [1, 2]. Rhazes first described the condition, Clemens Von Pirquet explained the mechanism of immune reaction and Charles Blakeley discovered pollens as cause of hay fever. The diagnostic criteria of allergic rhinitis is vague. Symptom score consisting of QOL score, sleep score used to assess subjective severity. Objective measurement are acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry, peak expiratory flow meter. The skin prick test & Abhishek Kishore Dayal [email protected] 1
Department of ENT, PMCH, Patna, India
(48.7%) has more positive predictive value as an epidemiologic test than then RAST Ig E test. (38.6%). The earlier classification of seasonal/perennial rhinitis is replaced by intermittent/persistent rhinitis. Various association with hygiene, immunisation, rural enviornment, infection have an inverse relationship with allergic rhinitis. The most common cause of hay fever are pollens from trees [Alder, Birch, Cider, Pinus] grass and weeds. These are wind pollinated pollens and remains in air for longer time owing to its light weight. Hay fever only contributes to what was earlier termed as seasonal allergic rhinitis. Other causes which cause perennial rhinitis include animal dander, dust mites, and moulds. The prevalence of AR varies in various studies and ranges from 10–20% in America and Europe. About 500 million people are by allergic rhinitis of which 200 million are patient with comorbid asthma. The prevalence of seasonal allergic rhinitis is 1–40% and perennial rhinitis is 1–13%. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is more common in children while perennial rhinitis in adult. Theories of Pathogenesis of AR Hygiene theory: early infection and sensitisation of allergen shift Th2/Th1 towards Th1 and its cytokine pathway [3]. Immunisation: vaccination with BCG shifts the cytokine pathway towards Th1 [4]. Urban/rural residence: rural tend to be less
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