Two new selenite reducing bacterial isolates from paddy soil and the potential Se biofortification of paddy rice
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Two new selenite reducing bacterial isolates from paddy soil and the potential Se biofortification of paddy rice Chunlei Huang1,2,3 Helin Wang1 Xinyan Shi1 Yanhong Wang1 Ping Li1,2 Hanqin Yin1,3 Yixian Shao3 ●
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Accepted: 19 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human health. Se-enriched agricultural products can promote people’s intake of Se. Microorganisms play an important role in Se cycling. In this study, two new bacterial strains were isolated from paddy soil and were identified as Chitinophaga sp. and Comamonas testosteroni, respectively. More than 44% and 39% of 1.0 mM selenite were reduced in 84 h by them using yeast extract as carbon source, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) results indicated that the reduction product of selenite was nanometer Se. These strains could promote the available Se in soil and the content of Se in rice plants in pot experiments. Organic combined Se in soils was increased up to 35%, accompanied by the 92% and 130% increase of Se in rice plants. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of Se reduction by Chitinophaga. This work might provide a prospective strategy for microbial fortification of Se in corps. Keywords Selenite reduction Chitinophaga sp. Comamonas testosteroni SeNPs Bioavailability Biofortification ●
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Introduction Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human health and its compounds have various biological functions such as strong antioxidant ability, immunity enhancement and reducing the risk of cancers, Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, cardiomyopathy, muscular disorders, etc. (Bailey 2017; Behne and Kyriakopoulos 2001; Blakemore and Billedeau 1981; Espinosa-Ortiz et al. 2015; Hatfield et al. 2014; Kumar et al. 2014; Ying and Zhang 2019; Zhao et al. 2020). Although some areas are found to be rich in Se in many countries, such as China, India, Australia, America,
Supplementary information The online version of this article (https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02273-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ping Li [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
2
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
3
Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey, Hangzhou 311203, PR China
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etc. (Bailey 2017; Dai et al. 2019; Patel et al. 2018; Tian et al. 2020), Se deficiency in soils is still a worldwide problem due to Se-enriched soils are generally distributed in spots rather than sheets (Li et al. 2012). For example, about 70% of the soils in China are reported with Se-deficient (≤0.6 mg·kg−1), even some areas such as Enshi in Hubei province and Naore in southern Shanxi are rich in Se up to 70 times higher than the global average in soils (Tian et al. 2020). About 0.5–1.0 billion people
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