Two novel price-based algorithms for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks
- PDF / 682,871 Bytes
- 16 Pages / 595.28 x 793.7 pts Page_size
- 89 Downloads / 196 Views
RESEARCH
Open Access
Two novel price-based algorithms for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks Meng-Dung Weng1, Bih-Hwang Lee1* and Jhih-Ming Chen2
Abstract Cognitive radio network is expected to use flexible radio frequency spectrum sharing techniques for achieving more efficient frequency spectrum usage. In this article, we consider the spectrum sharing problem that one primary user (PU) can share its frequency spectrum by renting this spectrum to multiple secondary users (SUs). The pricing scheme is a key issue for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio network. We first propose a nonlinear one-leader–multiple-follower (NLMF) sharing spectrum scheme as a multi-object optimization problem; the prices are offered by PU to SUs at the same time. This problem can be solved using particle swarm optimization (PSO); SUs gradually and iteratively adjust their strategies respectively based on the observations on their opponents' previous strategies until Nash equilibrium is completed. We then present a general nonlinear bilevel one-leader-multiple-follower (NBMF) optimization problem to further consider the revenue of the PU and a new optimal strategic pricing optimization technique which applies bilevel programming and swarm intelligence. A leader-follower game is formulated to obtain the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium for spectrum sharing that considers not only revenue of a PU but also the SUs utility. We develop a swarm particle algorithm to iteratively solve the problem defined in the NBMF decision model for searching the strategic pricing optimization. The behaviors of two pricing models have been evaluated, and the performance results show that the proposed algorithms perform well to solve the spectrum sharing in a cognitive radio network. Keywords: Spectrum sharing; Cognitive radio; Nash equilibrium; Bilevel programming; Swarm particle algorithm; Strategic pricing optimization
1. Introduction According to the regulations of the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) [1], a large portion of the unutilized priced frequency spectrum and the scarcity in spectrum resource should be used by providing tools to utilize spectrum holes [2]. Recently, cognitive radio (CR) provides great flexibility by extending software radio to improve spectrum utilization [2-6], which is now regarded as a hopeful wireless communication system. Primary users (licensed users) are willing to share frequency spectrum with secondary users (unlicensed users) which can adaptively adjust the transmission parameters to satisfy the requirements of quality of service (QoS) according to the environment information and opportunistically access those available frequency bands not occupied by primary users. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Rd., Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
By this way, we can use the spectrum resource to enhance the system performance. We consider spectrum sharing as a spectrum tradi
Data Loading...
