Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Five Race and Ethnic Populations: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
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CLINICAL TRIAL REPORT
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Five Race and Ethnic Populations: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Rebecca J. Brown & Kristina I. Rother
Published online: 16 March 2010 # US Government 2010
Mayer-Davis EJ, Bell RA, Dabelea D, et al.: The many faces of diabetes in American youth: type 1 and type 2 diabetes in five race and ethnic populations: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Diabetes Care 2009, 32(Suppl 2): S99–101.
age with non-gestational diabetes in five ethnic populations: non-Hispanic white, Hispanic, African American, Navajo, and Asian/Pacific Islander [1–6].
Methods Rating • Of importance.
Introduction The incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising in American children. The early onset of obesity and diabetes in children and adolescents, which particularly affect minorities, places them at high risk for cardiovascular disease and adverse outcomes in the future. With the exception of studies in Pima Indians, few detailed studies of the frequency, laboratory, and clinical features of diabetes in minority children have been performed.
Aims This study investigated the prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics of youth younger than 20 years of R. J. Brown (*) : K. I. Rother National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7C-432A, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA e-mail: [email protected]
The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study is a multicenter observational study conducting population-based ascertainment of diabetes in youths. The centers are located in Ohio, Colorado, Washington, South Carolina, Hawaii, and California. Data include prevalent cases in 2001 and incident cases from 2002 to 2005. Ascertained subjects and parents completed a survey including self-reported race and ethnicity as well as data related to diabetes and behavior. At a subsequent clinic visit, subjects’ blood and urine samples were collected and anthropometric measurements performed. Categorization of diabetes type was made by the treating physician. Overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) between the 85th and 94.9th and ≥95th percentile for age and sex, respectively. Hypertension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥95th percentile for age, sex, and height. High waist circumference was defined as ≥90th percentile for age and sex. Abnormal lipid values were defined as triglycerides ≥110 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein ≤40 mg/dL, and low-density lipoprotein ≥100 mg/dL. Poor blood glucose control was defined as hemoglobin A1c ≥9.5%.
Results Data for each ethnic group are summarized for type 1 diabetes (Table 1) and type 2 diabetes (Table 2). Type 2 diabetes was rare in children younger than 10 years of age;
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Curr Cardio Risk Rep (2010) 4:175–177
Table 1 Characteristics of children with type 1 diabetes by ethnic group
Prevalence (per 1000) Incidence (per 100,000) Overweight or obese, % High waist circumference, % High blood pressure, % High trigl
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