Ultra-sensitivity refractive sensor based on graphene material at mid-infrared wavelengths
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Ultra-sensitivity refractive sensor based on graphene material at mid-infrared wavelengths Yujun Hou1
•
Chun Jiang1
Received: 3 June 2020 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 Ó The Optical Society of India 2020
Abstract As a tunable and electrically adjustable 2D material, graphene opens a way for manipulating mid-infrared waves and corresponding devices. A kind of configuration of tunable diffractive grating based on monoand multi-layer graphene material working at mid-infrared wavelengths is presented in this paper. A potential application of the diffractive grating based on graphene material is as a highly sensitive sensor for surrounding environment refractive index, and the sensitivity up to 7370 nm/RIU can be achieved, which is the highest sensitivity among refractive sensor proposed before to our best knowledge. This research paves the way toward ultra-sensitive sensor devices at mid-infrared wavelengths.
Introduction Nowadays, the study in manipulating mid-infrared wavelengths and corresponding devices has attracted considerable interests. Its potential applications such as biomolecular sensing, spectroscopy, convert communication systems, material processing, chemical experiment and remote explosive detection will benefit our lives profoundly [1–3]. One method to promote these applications forward rapidly is to design subwavelength devices with active control over the surface plasmon resonance at metal/ dielectric interfaces, leading to effective manipulation of light confined in the structure and strong light–matter
& Yujun Hou [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
interactions [4]. Unfortunately, the active plasmonic devices typically reveal shortcoming of low optical performance. Most of them suffer from high power consumption or low response time thanks to a relative weak of refractive index variation with electrical bias, temperature or mechanical pressure [5]. As doped graphene emergence, it becomes a promising candidate for nanoscale optoelectronic material for highly integrated active plasmonic devices for a wide wavelength range from near-infrared to THz [6–12]. Graphene is a flexible and electrically tunable two-dimensional material, which is a single layer of carbon atoms gathered in honeycomb lattice [12]. It reveals exceptional optical and electrical properties such as optical transparency, tunable, high electron mobility, resulting in more and more graphene-based plasmonic nanostructures and active devices theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. For instance, Ref. [13] presented a metamaterial structures based on T-shape graphene strip which can control plasmon-induced transparency actively. An effective tunable and compact THz amplifier and lasers with broadband operation designed by multiple stacked photoexcited graphene layers separated by thin dielectric sheets are demonstrated in [14]. Plasmonic switches induced by double-layer graphene sheets
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