UV-irradiation assisted functionalization and binding of Pd nanoparticles in polycarbonate membranes for hydrogen separa
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RECENT ADVANCES IN NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS
UV-irradiation assisted functionalization and binding of Pd nanoparticles in polycarbonate membranes for hydrogen separation Rajesh Kumar 1 & Kamakshi 2,3 & Manoj Kumar 2 & Kamlendra Awasthi 2,3 Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract For hydrogen-based energy systems development, purified hydrogen (H2) is a basic requirement and it can be achieved by using the H2-selective membranes. For having H2-selective membranes, it is a decent approach to embed the H2-sensitive materials in the polymeric membranes. Palladium (Pd) is one of the widely used materials for hydrogen-selective membranes due to its strong affinity towards H2 absorption. In the present work, we have used Pd nanoparticles in UV-functionalized track-etched polycarbonate (PC) membranes for better selectivity and permeability of H2 gas. In the UV-irradiation process of membranes, the photofries mechanism leads to the C-O bond breaking from the carbonate group of PC molecules and as a result, there is a high number of bond breaking. This phenomenon provides the more active sites for the attachment of Pd nanoparticles in comparison with the pristine PC membrane. The gas permeability of these membranes suggests that the selectivity of H2 over nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is increased by the addition of uniformly distributed Pd nanoparticles in the functionalized membranes. Keywords PC membrane . Gas permeability . H2 selectivity . Pd nanoparticles . UV-irradiation . Functionalization
Introduction In today’s world, the demand for green technology is continuously increasing as it helps us to save the natural environment and resources. Gathering of the greenhouse gases are the main source of global warming, and at the same time, coal-based Responsible Editor: Angeles Blanco Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11106-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kamakshi [email protected] Rajesh Kumar [email protected] Kamlendra Awasthi [email protected] 1
Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
2
Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
3
Materials Research Centre, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
technology has a negative impact on human life and the ecological system (Kothari et al. 2010; Ellabban et al. 2014; Aneke and Wang 2016). There is an increasing demand for energy and environmental problems and for the suitable development of technologies, one has to find a suitable option by using renewable energy sources. Among the alternative renewable energy sources, hydrogen fuel cell energy is the most promising source in comparison with other renewable energy sources. A hydrogen fuel cell has zero emission of harmful products and wate
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