Viability of recalcitrant Araucaria angustifolia seeds in storage and in a soil seed bank
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Viability of recalcitrant Araucaria angustifolia seeds in storage and in a soil seed bank Ezequiel Gasparin1 • Jose´ M. R. Faria2 • Anderson C. Jose´2 • Olivia A. O. Tonetti2 Rodrigo A. de Melo2 • Henk W. M. Hilhorst3
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Received: 17 March 2019 / Accepted: 8 May 2019 Ó The Author(s) 2019
Abstract Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze is a representative species of the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in the Atlantic Forest Biome of Brazil. The development of a germplasm conservation protocol for long-term seed bank storage is compromised for this species, as it is sensitive to desiccation. Furthermore, in situ establishment of a soil seed bank in its natural habitat may be limited. This study evaluates the storability of two provenances of A. angustifolia seeds and their behavior in an artificial soil seed bank in two forest environments (understory and edge). Results show that both seed provenances may be stored at 5 °C for approximately 12 months, retaining high viability. The subsequent decrease in germination was associated with a reduction and an increase in seed water content, as well as with increased electrical conductivity. In the understory environment, seed viability was above 85% for the first 60 days, and at the end of the experiment (270 days), seedlings emerged. However, at the forest Project funding: E. G. received a fellowship from CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level Personnel). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com. Corresponding editor: Tao Xu. & Ezequiel Gasparin [email protected] 1
Departamento de Cieˆncias Florestais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
2
Departamento de Cieˆncias Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Caixa Postal 3017, Lavras, MG, Brazil
3
Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
edge, there was a total loss of seed viability after 120 days associated with a reduction in water content and high predation. It is concluded, therefore, that short-term storage of A. angustifolia seeds is possible in a cold room, which is fundamental to supply seed demand outside the production period. Forest cover conservation is important for regeneration and conservation of the species. Keywords Brazilian pine Desiccation sensitivity Forest cover Soil seed bank Storability
Introduction Many species produce desiccation- tolerant (orthodox) seeds which may survive for long periods, hundreds of years in some cases, with low water content and resume development when rehydrated (Bewley et al. 2013). On the other hand, some seeds are dispersed with high water contents and do not tolerate desiccation (recalcitrant). They may be stored for a short period of time as long as they are hydrated. Considering habitat features, species that produce recalcitrant seeds are common in moist and nonseasonal environments and are less common or absent in dry and
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