Visualization of 3D Property Data and Assessment of the Impact of Rendering Attributes
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(2020) 4:23
Visualization of 3D Property Data and Assessment of the Impact of Rendering Attributes Stefan Seipel 1,2
&
Martin Andrée 3,4 & Karolina Larsson 5 & Jesper M. Paasch 1,4,6
&
Jenny Paulsson 7
Accepted: 13 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Visualizations of 3D cadastral information incorporating both intrinsically spatial and non-spatial information are examined here. The design of a visualization prototype is linked to real-case 3D property information. In an interview with domain experts, the functional and visual features of the prototype are assessed. The choice of rendering attributes was identified as an important aspect for further analysis. A computational approach to systematic assessment of the consequences of different graphical design choices is proposed. This approach incorporates a colour similarity metric, visual saliency maps, and k-nearest-neighbour (kNN) classification to estimate risks of confusing or overlooking relevant elements in a visualization. The results indicate that transparency is not an independent visual variable, as it affects the apparent colour of 3D objects and makes them inherently more difficult to distinguish. Transparency also influences visual saliency of objects in a scene. The proposed analytic approach was useful for visualization design and revealed that the conscious use of graphical attributes, like combinations of colour, transparency, and line styles, can improve saliency of objects in a 3D scene. Keywords 3D real property . 3D land administration . 3D visualization . Rendering attributes . Transparency . Visual saliency
Introduction Formation of three-dimensional (3D) real properties consisting of (legal) volumes for dwellings (condominiums/ apartment units) and other constructions (such as parking facilities and tunnels) has gained increased interest as a tool for managing complex ownership and land use situations. Kitsakis et al. (2018) provide an overview of best practices throughout the world. Parts of the real property formation process and management of real property may be executed with the use of digital
* Stefan Seipel [email protected] 1
University of Gävle, SE-801 76 Gävle, Sweden
2
Uppsala University, Box 256, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
3
Sandviken, Sweden
4
Lantmäteriet, SE-801 82 Gävle, Sweden
5
City of Stockholm, Cadastral Authority (Lantmäterimyndigheten), Box 8314, SE-104 20 Stockholm, Sweden
6
Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
7
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
maps and other digitally available information but the result might still be stored and visualized in two dimensions. It is therefore necessary to interpret and convert the data into 3D in order to use it in a 3D digital environment, such as BIM (Building Information Model). The visualization of real property rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRR) in three dimensions has been the subject of several publications in recent years (Višnjevac et al. 2019; Janečka et al. 2018). Studies on how different user
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