Volatile Constituents of Curcuma caesia Roxb. Rhizome from North India
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Volatile Constituents of Curcuma caesia Roxb. Rhizome from North India Ajay Kumar1 • Navneet2 • Shiv Shanker Gautam2
Received: 29 October 2018 / Revised: 31 July 2019 / Accepted: 31 January 2020 Ó The National Academy of Sciences, India 2020
Abstract The volatile constituents of Curcuma caesia Roxb. rhizome were obtained by hydro-distillation and investigated using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of crude oil has been assessed by agar well diffusion method against five bacterial pathogens causing respiratory diseases. Forty-eight constituents representing 99.28% of the total oil were identified. The major constituents were cycloisolongifolene, 8,9-dehydro-9-formyl (11.67%), camphor (6.05%), eucalyptol (5.96), b-germacrene (5.23%), 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one, 2-hydroxy-5-(3methyl-2-butenyl)-4-(1-methylethenyl) (5.18%) and isoborneol (5.05%), while others were present in relatively small amounts. The antibacterial assay showed significant results against selected bacterial strains. Keywords Antibacterial activity Curcuma caesia GC–MS Respiratory tract infections
Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as Kali Haldi, is a rhizomatous perennial herb and around 0.5–1.0 m tall. It is native to India and widely distributed in Bangladesh [1–3]. In India, C. caesia mainly occurs in West Bengal, northeast states and Himalayan region. It is
& Ajay Kumar [email protected] 1
Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
2
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249404, India
rarely found in Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Orissa [4, 5], and Tamil Nadu state of South India [6]. Rhizomes of C. caesia are aromatic and have therapeutic potential as astringent, aphrodisiac, blood purifier, carminative, cooling, diuretic, gonorrhea, leucorrhea, laxative, stomachache and stimulant. In Indian folk medicine, the rhizomes of this herb are used to treat various ailments like asthma, blood dysentery, bronchitis, headache and fever, and externally applied to bruises, jaundice, rheumatic pains, tumor, sprains, snakebite and wounds [1, 7, 8]. Moreover, aromatic rhizomes of C. caesia are enriched with essential oil and used as spice and cosmetics [1, 2, 9]. Earlier reports on chemical composition of C. caesia rhizome oil showed thirty compounds including camphor (28.3%), ar-turmerone (12.3%), ar-curcumene (6.8%), 1,8cineole (5.3%), b-elemene (4.8%) and borneol (4.4%) as major constituents from Madhya Pradesh [10] and thirtyfive compounds including tropolone (15.86%), cis-a-copaene-8-ol (5.53%), 6-methyl-2(1H)-pteridinone (4.89%) and 4-(dimethylamino)-3,5-dimethyl-phenol (4.50) from Calicut [11]. Available information showed no studies to date of volatile composition of C. caesia of North India. Therefore, the present study has
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