War and Peace in Modern India
A study of Indian foreign policy under Jawaharlal Nehru, concentrating on the fundamental questions of war and peace. Looks at Nehru's handling of the disputes over the fate of Junagadh, Hyderabad and Kashmir in 1947-48; the refugee crisis in East and Wes
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War and Peace in Modern India Srinath Raghavan Lecturer, Defence Studies Department, King’s College London, UK
© Srinath Raghavan 2010 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2010 978-0-230-24215-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London, EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Orginating Publisher PERMANENT BLACK ‘Himalayana’, Mall Road, Ranikhet Cantt Ranikhet 263645 [email protected] Copublished 2010 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN for sale outside South Asia Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-58988-3
ISBN 978-0-230-27751-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230277519 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Transferred to Digital Printing in 2012
TO P RITHA
Contents Maps
xi
Acknowledgements
xiii
Abbreviations
xvii
Dramatis Personae
xix
Introduction On Strategy Sources and Contents
1 5 7
1 Ideas, Strategy, and Structures Nehru and Liberal Realism Politics, Strategy, and Crisis Management Foreign Policy Framework: Non-Alignment as Pragmatism People and Structures: Fashioning a New Foreign Policy
12 14 17
2 Junagadh 1947 Junagadh’s Accession to Pakistan V.P. Menon Does the Rounds The Options over Junagadh in Late 1947 Nehru’s Junagadh Strategy The Prime Ministers Meet in Delhi The Military Options in Junagadh Junagadh and Kashmir Junagadh Capitulates Aftermath
26 31 37 41 47 50 55 58 61 63
20 21
viii
CONTENTS
3 Hyderabad 1947–1948 Pakistan vis-à-vis Hyderabad Hyderabad’s Negotiations with India: The First Phase Hyderabad’s “Standstill Agreement” with India Hyderabad
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