Waste-to-Energy: Suitable Approaches for Developing Countries
A global estimate for the generation of solid waste is projected to be ~1.3 billion tonnes/year. This volume is supposed to further increase up to 2.2 billion tonnes/year by the mid of 2030. In this context, the effective treatment and disposal of solid w
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Status of MSWM in Developing Nation 3 Different Mechanism for Waste-to-Energy (WtoE) Conversion 3.1 Gasification 3.2 Pyrolysis 3.3 Refuse-Derived Fuel 3.4 Biogasification 3.5 Bioreactor Landfill 4 Waste-to-Energy Process in Developing Nations 4.1 China 4.2 India 4.3 Vietnam 4.4 Malaysia
Y. Pujara Papergeni Envirocare, Rajkot, Gujarat, India J. Govani Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India K. Chabhadiya R & D, CETP, Jetpur Dyeing & Printing Association, Jetpur, Gujarat, India H. Patel Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Junagadh, Gujarat, India K. Vaishnav Faculty of Planning, CEPT University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India P. Pathak (*) Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Amravati, Andhra Pradesh, India e-mail: [email protected] Pankaj Pathak and Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava (eds.), Alternative Energy Resources: The Way to a Sustainable Modern Society, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_611, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Y. Pujara et al. 5 Cost Approximation for Conversion of Waste to Energy 6 Conclusions References
Abstract A global estimate for the generation of solid waste is projected to be ~1.3 billion tonnes/year. This volume is supposed to further increase up to 2.2 billion tonnes/year by the mid of 2030. In this context, the effective treatment and disposal of solid waste around the globe is becoming of utmost importance. Moreover, sustainable management of solid waste is not only necessary to solve the disposal issues but also beneficial in terms of energy production. Developed countries have already adopted technologies for utilization of their solid waste in energy production, heat generation, conversion to biofuel, compost preparation and as the metal reservoir. In contrast, developing countries are still struggling to manage their solid waste as an alternative resource. Amongst all other ways of solid waste management, the waste-to-energy (WtoE) technology is better suitable for developing countries in terms of building up their energy resources. In this chapter, the status of solid waste in the developing nations along with their WtoE options is being discussed. Moreover, the cost estimation has marked as significant tool to identify suitable WtoE option for developing countries. Keywords Cost estimation, Solid waste, Sustainable management, Technology, Waste-to-energy
1 Introduction Developing nations are fastly embracing upgraded technology and a sophisticated lifestyle to ease humans’ life and lead by incessant urbanization and industrialization. To support this upgradation, huge amount of energy and materials are needed which primarily comes from limited natural resources [1]; however, due to excessive demand, these resources are depleting and posing threat to sustainable development. Rapid urbanization shows economic development but exhibits significant contribution in generation of solid waste [2].
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