Waves in Superfluid Helium
A brief introduction to the basic hydrodynamic and thermodynamic properties and to quantum vortices is given. The two fluid flow equations are introduced. The second sound, temperature waves are considered, their specific properties and structure analysed
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NONLINEAR WAVES IN REAL FLUIDS
EDITED BY
A. KLUWICK
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA
SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN GMBH
Le spese di stampa di questo volume sono in parte coperte da contributi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche.
This volume contains 1S9 illustrations.
This work is subjcct
to
copyright.
AII rights arc rcscrvcd, whcther the whole or part of the material is concemcd specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of iIlustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. © 1991 by Springer-Verlag Wien Originally published by Springer Verlag Wien-New York in 1991
In order to make this volume available as economically and as rapidly as possible the authors' typescripts have been reproduced in their original forms. This mcthod unfortunately has its typographical limitations but it is hoped that they in no way distract the reader.
ISBN 978-3-211-82277-7 DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-2608-0
ISBN 978-3-7091-2608-0 (eBook)
PREFACE
The study of materials which exhibit new and unconventional properties is -of central importance for the development of advanced and refined technologies in many fields of engineering science. In this connection there has been a rapidly growing interest in rea/fluid effects on wave phenomena in the past few years. Here the notation "real" is not meant simply to infer the incorporation of dissipative mechanisms such as internal friction, heat conduction, etc. which are neglected in studies dealing with ideal fluids. Rather, it signals the occurrence of new effects which are present even in situations where dissipation plays an insignificant role. A prominent example is provided by BetheZel'dovich-Thompson (BZT) fluids which have the distinguishing feature that they exhibit negative nonlinearity over a finite range of temperatures and pressures in the vapour phase. However, two phase flows with and without phase change are an even richer source of new unexpected and previously thought impossible phenomena. The present volume contains the lecture notes presented during a course at the International Centre for Mechanical Sciences in Udine. Topics covered by these Lecture notes include waves in gases near the critical point, waves in retrograde fluids, temperature waves in superfluid helium and density waves in suspensions of particles in liquids. Clearly, the aim of the various contributions is twofold. First, they are intended to provide scientists and engineers working in these and related areas with an overview r~f various
new physical phenomena as for example expansion shocks, sonic shocks,
shock splitting, evaporation and Liquefaction shocks, ... and the experimental techniques needed to study these phenomena. Second an attempt is made to discuss aspects of their
mathematical modeling with special emphasis on properties which these phenomena have in common. In this respect model equations such as the modified Burgers equation, the Burgers Korteweg de Vries equation are seen to play a key role as far as the propagat