What Structures Marine Biodiversity and why does it vary?
Marine ecological biodiversity research is a scientific field with few observational data to support a weak theory largely borrowed from terrestrial ecology and lacking in experimental verification. The relative lack of scientific interest and effort unti
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Gerold Wefer Frank Lamy
Fauzi Mantoura Editors
Marine Science Frontiers for Europe With 120 Figures, 20 in Colour, and 8 Tables
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Springer
Editors: Professor Dr. Gerold Wefer Dr. Frank Lamy Universităt Bremen Fachbereich Geowissenschaften Klagenfurter Strasse 28359 Bremen Germany
Profesor Dr. Fauzi Mantoura IAEA, Marine Environment Laboratory 4, Quai Antoine ler, B.P. 800 MC 98000 Monaco Monaco
Photo Credits for Cover: V. Diekamp, V. Frenzel, F.Garcia Pichel, G. Meinecke
ISBN 978-3-642-62482-7 ISBN 978-3-642-55862-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-55862-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Bibliograhic infonnation published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at . This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcastin~, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Gennan Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the Gennan Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2003 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any infonnation about the application of operative techniques and medications contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such infonnation by consulting the relevant literature. Typesetting: Camera-ready Cover design: E. Kirchner, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper 32/31411as 543210
Preface
Europe is the continent with a high coast to surface ratio. About 50% of Europe's population lives permanently within 50 km of the coastal zone. European seas encompass a large range of settings and regimes, from estuaries, deltas to the coastal zone, through diverse shelf systems, and down the shelf edge into the deep ocean. The sustainable development ofliving and non-living marine resources, the protection of the marine environment and the provision of marine-based services are critical to economic prosperity and to the quality of life of European citizens. In recent times, human activity has spread farther out into the oceans as the ocean margins gain increasing attention as potential centers for hydrocarbon exploration and industrial fis
