Young-of-the-Year Yellowmouth Barracuda Sphyraena viridensis (Cuvier, 1829) Growth in Eastern Algeria Based on Otolith M
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Young-of-the-Year Yellowmouth Barracuda Sphyraena viridensis (Cuvier, 1829) Growth in Eastern Algeria Based on Otolith Microstructure Analysis Nadjette Bourehail 1 & M. Hichem Kara 1 Received: 3 June 2020 / Revised: 14 August 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Age estimates were made on otoliths of 32 young-of-the-year (YOY) Barracuda, Sphyraena viridensis Cuvier (1829), captured in the south-western Mediterranean Sea. Increments were observed in Barracuda sagittae sectioned in a transverse plane and viewed with light microscopy. Increment counts were made for age estimation. Estimated ages ranged from 27 to 299 days of fish ranging in size from 15.9 to 38.9 cm total length (TL). The observed mean growth rate is 3.487 mm.day−1. Decreasing growth performance is evidenced according to age: 3.822 mm.day−1 between 159 and 302 mm (27–139 days), 1.596 mm.day−1 between 352 and 389 mm (172–299 days). Keywords Daily growth rate . Sagittae . Sphyraena viridensis . Eastern Algeria
Introduction Otoliths naturally log data that record and store information in their microstructure and chemistry at different spatio-temporal scales related to growth and habitat use by fish (Kalish 1989; Campana 1999; Yamashita et al. 2000; Berg et al. 2005). Because of the information they contain, otoliths are unique and the single most important biological structure in the teleost fish body (Berg et al. 2005). The discovery of daily increments has made the interpretation of otolith microstructure a major tool for investigating the early life history of fishes (Pannela 1971). The presence of daily increments has now been verified for a wide variety of species (Jones 1986). Family Sphyraenidae (Barracudas) contains one genus Sphyraena which includes twenty-one species (Nelson 2006). They are pelagic to demersal fishes, single or in schools. Four Sphyraenidae species occur in the Mediterranean Sea, two of which, Sphyraena chrysotaenia (Klunzinqer, 1884) and S. flavicauda (Ruppell, 1838) are of Red Sea origin (Golani et al. 2006). Sphyraena viridensis (Cuvier, 1829) is an Atlanto-Mediterranean species found from Iceland to Morocco and Cape Verde, Madeira Island, * M. Hichem Kara [email protected] 1
Laboratoire bioressources marines, Université d’Annaba Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria
the Canaries and the Azores (Ben-Tuvia 1986; Froese and Pauly 2014). However, its exact distribution and abundance is unknown (Kara and Bourehail 2003). Golani et al. (2006) noted that it occurs mainly in the southern Mediterranean. Milana et al. (2014) reported that S. viridensis is a native Mediterranean species, with an occurrence no longer rare and suggested as having a north ward distributional expansion. In many reports, S. sphyraena (Linnaeus, 1758) and S. viridensis are considered as the juvenile and adult of the same species S. sphyraena (Relini and Orsi-Relini 1997; Vacchi et al. 1999; Golani et al. 2006). Pastore (2009) describe a new species S. intermedia and believe that it is not hybrid between S. sphyra
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