Determination of lead concentrations in the soils of Setif City, Eastern Algeria
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Determination of lead concentrations in the soils of Setif City, Eastern Algeria Seifeddine Sellami 1,2 & Ouahida Zeghouan 3 & Mechi Lassaad 4,5
&
Younes Moussaoui 6,7 & Brahim Kebabi 1
Received: 4 March 2019 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract This study describes the determination of lead and pH in Setif soils. Soil samples from the town of Setif were taken from a total of 100 subsurface soils, systematically sampled (regular 1 × 1 km grid). The lead concentration was determined by atomic absorption and the average lead concentrations ranged from 24 to 384 mg kg−1. The distribution of the different concentrations of lead and iso-concentration was distributed on the map of the exchange site with Arc GIS software. Compared with their local soil background values, higher concentrations of Pb were observed to different extents. The distribution of Pb concentrations has been explained by urban traffic. Keywords Pollution . Soil . Fuel . Lead . Setif
Introduction Industrial, agricultural, and urban development has been accompanied by real health problems related to environmental pollution. Industrial companies release into the environment a significant number of pollutants such as lead, elements likely to contaminate the environment (water, air, soil, plants) and to have a real impact on human health (Garnier 2005). The
Responsible Editor: Abdullah M. Al-Amri * Mechi Lassaad [email protected] 1
Pollution and Water Treatment Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
2
Department of Materiel Sciences, Faculty of SESNV, University Larbi Tébessi, Tebessa, Algeria
3
Center for Research in Biotechnology (CRBt), Constantine, Algeria
4
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ha’il University, P.O. Box 2440, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
5
Material, Environment and Energy Laboratory (UR14ES26), Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
6
Organic Chemistry Laboratory (LR17ES08), Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
7
Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
environmental risks associated with soil pollution in Pb are increasingly worrying. Anthropogenic lead in soil pollution is mainly due to automobile traffic, industrial activities (Delmas et al. 2002), sewage treatment, waste incineration, agricultural use of fertilizers and pesticides, the production of paints, and pigments (Oulhote et al. 2011; Triantafyllidou and Edwards 2012), which may have adverse effects on ecosystems (Facchinelli et al. 2001). Bioavailability or lead in soil is dependent on soil properties (Luo et al. 2014) and an assessment of lead toxicity based on total metal concentrations may therefore overestimate or underestimate the actual availability and risk of lead in soil. It can also threaten the health of animals and humans along the food chain. However, only a fraction of the total concentration of metals in the soil is available to
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