Qualitative Methods, Lesson for Information Systems Researchers
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Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies
Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies
Arthur Tatnall Editor
Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies With 339 Figures and 183 Tables
Editor Arthur Tatnall Victoria University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
ISBN 978-3-030-10575-4 ISBN 978-3-030-10576-1 (eBook) ISBN 978-3-030-10577-8 (print and electronic bundle) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10576-1 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Computers today invade almost every aspect of our lives and are used in many different ways, education being no exception. This, of course, was not always the case, and computers today are used in many different ways from the calculating machines from which they evolved. The stored-program electronic digital computer first appeared in the 1940s, but computing goes back much further than this and can be traced to earlier technologies including the abacus, Antikythera mechanism (ancient Greek analog computer), Napier’s bones (logarithms), and Babbage’s difference engine that performed many of the mathematical tasks now performed by computers. From a machine designed to perform calculations, the computer soon evolved into an information processing and communications machine that became indispensable around the world. University courses in computing began in many countries in the Departments of Mathematics in the late 1940s. The question whether Computer Science was a branch of science, a branch of engineering, or whether it was something else entirely unique was long discussed, and it was not until the mid-1960s that university courses in Computer Science as a separate
