Quality assessment of Sclerocarya birrea leaves and leaves products from Burkina Faso based on fingerprinting using HPTL
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IGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Quality assessment of Sclerocarya birrea leaves and leaves products from Burkina Faso based on fingerprinting using HPTLC Thi Kieu Tiên Do1 · Kevin Clark2,3 · Philippe Christen2,3 · Eike Reich1 Received: 9 June 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract The species Sclerocarya birrea, also known as Marula, is present in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Burkina Faso, the leaves are sold as a traditional improved medicine with antidiabetic indication. The objective of this study was to develop a simple, rapid and robust high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the reliable quality control of S. birrea leaves in Burkina Faso and other West African countries. Chromatography was performed using HPTLC Si 60 F254 plates (20 × 10 cm) as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate‒formic acid‒water (80:10:10, V/V) as the mobile phase. Derivatization steps using natural product and anisaldehyde reagents were used after the development for the detections of flavonoids and triterpenoids. Detection was carried out prior to and after derivatization under UV 254 nm, 366 nm and white light. The HPTLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of 182 collected samples including different origins, related herbal drugs (different plant parts, confounding species) and 12 traditional improved medicines in different forms (capsule, powdered sample, tea). The method was then adapted for use in quality control at different levels in developing countries. Keywords High-performance thin-layer chromatography · Marula · Monograph · Traditional medicine · Antidiabetic
1 Introduction Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst, also known as Marula, is sometimes called Prunier or Sclérocarya à bière in French [1, 2]. The species belongs to the Anacardiaceae family which also includes the mango tree (Mangifera indica), the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale), and the pistachio tree (Pistacia vera) [3]. The tree is geographically distributed in sub-Saharan Africa from West Africa to Ethiopia and Uganda [4]. Other subspecies, S. birrea subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro and S. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00764-020-00058-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Thi Kieu Tiên Do [email protected] 1
CAMAG Laboratory, Sonnenmattstrasse 11, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
2
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
3
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
birrea subsp. multifoliolata (Engl.) Kokwaro are present in the Eastern and Southern part of the continent. Sclerocarya birrea is a dioecious and deciduous middle size tree, which loses his imparipinnate leaves at the end of the dry season (November to June). The female inflorescence has 1 to 3 whitish purple to red flowers and the male flowers present 7 to 22 cm long racemes. The scaly bark is pale gray and
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