Quantifying the effect of inbreeding on average daily gain and Kleiber ratio in Mazandaran native chickens
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Quantifying the effect of inbreeding on average daily gain and Kleiber ratio in Mazandaran native chickens Babak Yousefi 1 & Mohsen Gholizadeh 1
&
Hasan Hafezian 1
Received: 31 December 2019 / Accepted: 2 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The aims of this study was to evaluate inbreeding effects for growth rate (average daily gain from hatch to 8 weeks of age (ADG1–8), average daily gain from hatch to 12 weeks of age (ADG1–12), average daily gain from 8 weeks of age to 12 weeks (ADG8–12), average daily gain from hatch to sex maturity (ADG1-SM), average daily gain from 8 weeks of age to sex maturity (ADG8-SM), average daily gain from 12 weeks to sex maturity (ADG12-SM), and Kleiber ratios (KR1–8, KR1–12, KR8–12) in Mazandaran native chickens. The data set of 82,446 pedigreed individuals over 21 generations was analyzed. All individuals were grouped into three classes based on the inbreeding coefficient: First class contained non-inbred birds (F = 0) and second and third classes contained inbred individuals (0 < F ≤ 5% and F > 5%, respectively). The effects of inbreeding coefficient on the studied traits were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method (REML) applying the WOMBAT software and fitting individual increase in inbreeding coefficient (ΔFi) of birds as linear covariates under 6 different animal models. ADG8-SM and ADG12-SM increased non-significantly by 0.003 and 0.005 g, respectively, due to 1% increase in ΔFi, while ADG1–8, ADG1– 12, ADG8–12, ADG1-SM, KR1–8, and KR1–12 decreased (P < 0.001), respectively, by 0.012 g, 0.011 g, 0.010 g, 0.014 g, 0.003 g, and 0.002 g. Also, KR8–12 non-significantly decreased by 0.001 g. Estimates of direct heritability of traits based on the most appropriate models ranged from 0.05 (KR8–12) to 0.26 (ADG12-SM). Results showed that it is important to regularly analyze inbreeding level in the herd in an attempt to prevent the reduction of performance. Keywords Inbreeding depression . Indigenous chicken . Average daily gain . Kleiber ratio
Introduction Native chickens are reared for economic profit and have a notable contribution in meat and egg production in Iran. Indigenous chickens are playing notable role in employment and source of supplementary income for small breeders, and food supply for community members. Native chicken breeds may carry disease-resistant genes and are highly adaptable to alternative agricultural systems, such as organic ones, which will exceptionally develop food safety and animal welfare (Fanatico et al. 2009; Pham et al. 2016). Local chicken breeds also
* Mohsen Gholizadeh [email protected] 1
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Aquatic Science, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
show adaptability to harsh environmental conditions (Tixier-Boichard et al. 2009). Inbreeding is caused by mating of genetically close individuals with common ancestors in a closed and small population, which can undermine the genetic diversity of the population and co
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