Quantitative assessment of demand and supply of urban ecosystem services in different seasons: a case study on air purif
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Quantitative assessment of demand and supply of urban ecosystem services in different seasons: a case study on air purification in a temperate city Jing Yao . Miao Liu . Nina Chen . Xiaobo Wang . Xingyuan He . Yuanman Hu . Xueyan Wang . Wei Chen
Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Context For policy makers and scientists to understand patterns of ecosystem services demand (ESd) and supply (ESs) that show a paradox of a compact city, information regarding the balance between ESd and ESs is needed. However, as evaluation of the ESd– ESs balance based on averaged yearly data would minimize the impact of extreme values, the analysis based on seasonal data is important.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01112-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. Yao M. Liu X. Wang X. He Y. Hu W. Chen (&) CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110164, China e-mail: [email protected] J. Yao e-mail: [email protected]
Objectives To elucidate seasonal changes of and mismatches between ESd and ESs, we investigated (1) whether seasonal variations of ESs and ESd for PM2.5 and SO2 removal were synchronous; (2) in which season ESs could most/least satisfy ESd; (3) whether seasonal imbalance existed, although ESs might apparently satisfy ESd based on annual data; and (4) how spatial patterns of seasonal mismatches varied. Methods Deficit ratio and supply–demand ratio were utilized to assessed the risk of ESd–ESs mismatch for air purification and analyzed the extent to which ESs meets ESd respectively, on seasonal and annual timescales in Shenyang.
X. Wang Shenyang Institute of Technology, Shenyang 113122, China W. Chen Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
M. Liu X. He Y. Hu W. Chen University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China N. Chen Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorological Disasters, Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110016, China
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Landscape Ecol
Results The ESd and ESs of air purification ecosystem services for PM2.5 and SO2 are asynchronous. Inconsistency in the seasonal pattern between ESs and ESd induces severe mismatch between ESs and ESd in some seasons, e.g., winter. Assessment based on annual data could result in overoptimistic evaluations of ecosystem services. Conclusions The ESs–ESd balance isn’t only spatially heterogeneous but also temporally heterogeneous. Therefore, explicit spatiotemporal analysis of ecosystem services would provide additional information that could help policy makers develop and implement effective targeted strategies. Keywords Urban ecosystem services Supply and demand Temporal mismatch Air pollution i-tree eco
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