Quantitative distribution characteristics of force chains for asphalt mixtures with three skeleton structures using disc
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Quantitative distribution characteristics of force chains for asphalt mixtures with three skeleton structures using discrete element method Mingfeng Chang1 · Jianzhong Pei2 · Jiupeng Zhang2 · Xiangyang Xing2 · Shenghuai Xu1 · Rui Xiong2 · Jianxun Sun3 Received: 13 November 2018 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Three digital specimens of asphalt mixtures (AC-13, SMA-13 and OGFC-13) were reconstructed to conduct a virtual simple performance test using the discrete element method. The distribution characteristics of force chains were investigated by a statistical method. The results indicate that it is reasonable and feasible to analyze the mesoscopic responses of asphalt mixtures using digital models. The probability distribution of the normal force chains varies with loading time and the variation laws are consistent at four loading times. And the probability distribution of the shear force chains decays exponentially. Besides, the maximum probability distributions of the normal and shear force chains decrease with increasing timestep. OGFC-13 has the maximum probability distributions of the normal and shear force chains, which are 0.34186 and 0.55884, respectively. The proportions of the “strong” force chains decrease over the loading time, and AC-13 has a maximum proportion of 49.41% for the three asphalt mixtures at four loading times. In addition, the angle distributions of the force chain are mainly near 90°, and the average ratio of the normal contact force to the mean normal contact force increases with increasing loading time at 90°. Finally, the angle distribution proportions in the first and second quadrants are much greater than those in the third and fourth quadrants. Keywords Granular matter · Asphalt mixture · Probability distribution · Angle distribution · Proportion of “strong” force chain · Discrete element method
1 Introduction Asphalt mixture is a type of multiphase composite material consisting of aggregates, asphalt binder, and air voids. On the mesoscopic scale, the aggregates as a granular mineral account for more than 90% by mass and 80% by volume of a common asphalt mixture. Therefore, the asphalt material certainly exhibits a granular nature when the asphalt binder becomes soft, especially at high temperatures.
* Mingfeng Chang [email protected] 1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, Shaanxi, China
2
School of Highway, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, Shaanxi, China
3
CCCC Fourth Highway Engineering Co., Ltd, Beijing 101121, China
Granular media refers to a complex system of interactions among a large number of solid particles, and it widely exists in nature, such as sand, soil, floating ice, and snow. The granular media system exhibits the sensitivity to external loading, nonlinear responses and self-organizing behaviors under traffic loading. In addition, an interaction force exists among the contacted particles in a granular system. Bouchau
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