Quantitative Thin-Layer Chromatography A Practical Survey
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is widely used particularly for pharmaceutical and food analysis. While there are a number of books on the qualitative identification of chemical substances by TLC, the unique focus here is on quantitative analysis. The aut
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Bernd Spangenberg Christel Weins
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Colin F. Poole
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Quantitative Thin-Layer Chromatography A Practical Survey
Prof. Dr. Bernd Spangenberg Hochschule Offenburg FB Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik Badstr. 24 77652 Offenburg Germany [email protected]
Colin F. Poole Wayne State University Dept. Chemistry Cass Avenue 5101 48202 Detroit Michigan USA [email protected]
Christel Weins Hasenfeld 7 66132 Bischmisheim Saarland Germany [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-10727-6 e-ISBN 978-3-642-10729-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-10729-0 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010938374 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a rather ignored quantification technique. The method is widely used for education purposes and qualitative analysis. The analysis of herbs, in particular, is often performed by TLC due to the simultaneous separation of different samples facilitating their differentiation at first glance. The aesthetic results of individual coloured TLC zones are certainly appreciated by many people who enjoy looking at such results. Another critical aspect of TLC is the humidity dependence of adsorption chromatography. This is certainly the major reason why adsorption TLC was labelled “irreproducible” and “unreliable” and why industry prefers closed systems such as HPLC. Another reason for avoiding TLC is that analyses using highly automated HPLC were generally superior to TLC, which relies more on the skill of the analyst. Last, but not least, the odour of vanillin reagent reminded laboratory staff on a daily basis that chemical analysis is a part of chemistry and not computer science. All these aspects that spoke against TLC are now just history. Modern equipment and working practices have overcome all these problems. TLC calibration curves are now linear over more than three orders of magnitude. Modern sample application, development chambers, and reagent spray or dipping devices provide the required degree of automation, r
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