Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography of Cupressuflavone as a Marker fo
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography of Cupressuflavone as a Marker for Cupressus Species Mohamed A. Farag 1,2 Amr El-Hawiet 3
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Fathalla M. Harraz 3
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Hala M. Hammoda 3
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Eman Shawky 3
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Asmaa Mahana 3
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Received: 18 January 2020 / Accepted: 26 March 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2020
Abstract Cupressuflavone is a major biflavonoid in many member of the family Cupressaceae and considered the main chemotaxonomic marker for Cupressus species. Despite the abundance of cupressuflavone, it has not been intensively investigated as compared to other biflavonoids. The current study illustrates, for the first time, a comparative analysis on the cupressuflavone content in five Cupressus hydroalcoholic extracts using novel, direct, simple, and time-saving analytical techniques namely quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance and normal-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The analyzed samples were leaves and cones of Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis (Mill.) Loudon and C. sempervirens var. pyramidalis (O.Targ.Tozz.) Nyman, as well as leaves of C. macrocarpa Hartw. ex Gordon. The highest cupressuflavone content was detected in the leaves of Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis (0.958 g % dried powdered plant). In general, higher contents of cupressuflavone, more than 100 folds, were determined in the leaf samples. The results for the quantification of this chemical marker were similar by the two applied analytical methods. In addition, in vitro free radical scavenging activities of the studied Cupressus samples were evaluated. Keywords Antioxidant . Biomarker . Cupressuflavone . 1H NMR . qNMR . HPTLC . Quality control
Introduction Cupressus, commonly named as cypress, is one of several genera within the family Cupressaceae (Farjon 2018). Traditionally, this plant genus has been used as a folk remedy in many countries as antiseptic, antipyretic, anthelminthic, astringent, antirheumatic, antihemorrhoidal, and vasoconstrictive agent (Ibrahim et al. 2009; Mothana et al. 2011; Toroglu 2007). Cupressuflavone (1) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00060-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Amr El-Hawiet [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
is the main chemotaxonomic marker and major biflavonoid for Cupressus species (Heimler and Pieroni 1991; Gadek and Quinn 1985; Gontijo et al. 2017; Venditti et al. 2018). Gadek and Quinn (1985) were the first phytochemist to report the isolation of 1 from member of the Cupressaceae family, namely from the leaves of C. sempervirens, C. lusitanica, and C. glabra. Despite the abund
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