Quantum Electrodynamics of Strong Fields With an Introduction into M
The fundamental goal of physics is an understanding of the forces of nature in their simplest and most general terms. Yet there is much more involved than just a basic set of equations which eventually has to be solved when applied to specific problems. W
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W. Beiglbock J. L. Birman E. H. Lieb T. Regge W. Thirring Series Editors
w. Greiner
B. Muller
J. Rafelski
Quantum Electrodynamics of Strong Fields With an Introduction into Modern Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
With 258 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Professor Dr. Walter Greiner Professor Dr. Berndt Muller Institut fUr Theoretische Physik der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universitat D-6000 Frankfurt/Main, Fed. Rep. of Germany
Professor Dr. Johann Rafe1ski Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
Editors
Tullio Regge
Wolf Beiglbock
Istituto di Fisica Teorica Universita di Torino, C. so M. d' Azeglio, 46 1-10 125 Torino, Italy
Institut fUr Angewandte Mathematik Universitat Heidelberg 1m Neuenheimer Feld 294 D-6900 Heidelberg I Fed. Rep. of Germany
Elliott H. Lieb Department of Physics Joseph Henry Laboratories Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Joseph L. Birman
Walter Thirring
Department of Physics, The City College ofthe City University of New York New York, NY 10031, USA
Institut fUr Theoretische Physik der Universitat Wien, Boltzmanngasse 5 A-1090 Wien, Austria
lSBN-13:978-3-642-82274-2 e-lSBN-13:978-3-642-82272-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-82272-8 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Greiner, Walter, 1935-. Quantum electrodynamics of strong fields. (Texts and monographs in physics) Includes bibliographies and index. I. Quantum electrodynamics. 2. Heavy ion collisions. 3. Field theory (Physics) I. Miiller, Berndt. II. Rafelski, Johann. III. Title. IV. TItle: Strong fields. V. Series. QC680.G73 1985 537.6 84-26824 lhis work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law, where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1985 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition
1985
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: K + V Fotosatz, Beerfelden 2153/3130-543210
Preface
The fundamental goal of physics is an understanding of the forces of nature in their simplest and most general terms. Yet there is much more involved than just a basic set of equations which eventually has to be solved when applied to specific problems. We have learned in recent years that the structure of the ground state of field theories (with which we are generally concerned) plays an equally fundamental role as the equations of motion themselves. Heisenberg was probably the first to recognize that the ground state, the vacuum, could acquire certain propert
