Race, Politics, and Education in Brazil Affirmative Action in Higher
Brazil has undertaken affirmative action in its universities on an unprecedented scale. An expert group of international scholars puts the new policies in historical, political, and legal context; evaluates their outcomes for students and universities; an
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Race, Politics, and Education in Brazil Affi rmative Ac ti o n i n H i gh e r E du c at i on
Edited by Ollie A. Johnson III and Rosana Heringer
RACE, POLITICS, AND EDUCATION IN BRAZIL
Copyright © Ollie A. Johnson III and Rosana Heringer, 2015.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-48514-4 All rights reserved. First published in 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-57043-0 ISBN 978-1-137-48515-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137485151 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Race, politics, and education in Brazil : affirmation action in higher education / edited by Ollie A. Johnson III and Rosana Heringer. pages cm Includes index. 1. Blacks— Education (Higher)—Brazil. 2. Education, Higher—Social aspects— Brazil. 3. Affirmative action programs—Brazil. 4. Education and state—Brazil. I. Johnson, Ollie A., 1962–, editor. LC2805.B6R33 2015 378.198296081—dc23 2015006710 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Amnet. First edition: August 2015 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To Abdias do Nascimento (1914–2011), whose life’s work was fighting against white supremacy and social injustice in Brazil and around the world. Ollie A. Johnson III In memory of Professor Carlos Hasenbalg (1943–2014), whose teaching, research, and service continue to inspire us in the struggle against racism and racial inequality in Brazil. Rosana Heringer
Contents
List of Illustrations
ix
Acknowledgments
xi
Introduction Rosana Heringer and Ollie A. Johnson III
1
1 Blacks in National Politics Ollie A. Johnson III Appendix 1.1 Afro-Brazilian Deputies by Legislature, State, Party, and Color (1999–2015) Appendix 1.2 Afro-Brazilian Senators by Legislature, State, Party, and Color (1983–2015) Appendix 1.3 Brazilian Political Parties
17
37 55 57
2 From the Black Movement’s Struggle to the Teaching of African and Afro-Brazilian History Amilcar Araujo Pereira
59
3 Equal Opportunity Policy in Brazil: Black Activism and the State Vera Lúcia Benedito
73
4 Affirmative Action from the Perspective of International Human Rights: Challenges and Possibilities from the Brazilian Experience Flávia Piovesan 5 Affirmative Action and the Expansion of Higher Education in Brazil Rosana Heringer 6 Afro-Brazilian Support for Affirmative Action Gladys Mitchell-Walthour
95
111 133
viii
Contents
7 Ambition with Resistance: Affirmative Action in Brazil’s Public Universities Erich Dietrich
155
8 Affirm
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