Effect of gamma ray on some properties of bismuth borate glasses containing different transition metals
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Effect of gamma ray on some properties of bismuth borate glasses containing different transition metals Sahar A. El‑Ghany1 · Eman Nabhan1 · H. A. Saudi1 Received: 20 September 2019 / Accepted: 28 January 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract This work aims to study the influence of gamma irradiation on some bismuth borate glasses doped with different transition metal oxides (CuO, CoO, ZnO and CdO). The structure of the glass matrix was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy before and after gamma irradiation at doses of 1 kGy, 20 kGy and 50 kGy. Additionally, the attention is made in determining the attenuation parameters against gamma rays. Mass attenuation coefficient determined experimentally and calculated theoretically by WinXCom program, which is a significant program in the field of radiation shielding. It is found that the attenuation parameters of gamma ray have higher values of the sample without transition metal oxides and the other doped with CdO. From hardness measurements before and after irradiation, it was found that hardness increases with the addition of transition metal oxides to glass. The results of different techniques show that these glasses possess a slight effect on the network structure of the samples against gamma irradiation. So, it can be used in different applications of nuclear fields. Keywords Bismuth borate glasses · Gamma ray · Optical and IR spectroscopy
1 Introduction Recently, glass materials gained a growing interest in the field of radiation shielding because of their transparency to visible light and the possibility of modifying their properties by composition. Many researchers [1–4] developed the use of borate glass as radiation shielding materials. B2O3 is considered as one of the best glass formers, where it is has high transparency, low melting point and high thermal stability and is often used as a dielectric and insulating material. Bismuth oxide gained a great attention as it can improve the chemical durability of glass, has a high refractive index and non-toxic nature, very good infrared transmissions and high values of nonlinear optical susceptibility and polarizability [5–7].
It was found that the addition of bismuth oxide to borate glasses develops the electrical, optical, and thermal properties of the glasses. The high third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility and long infrared cutoff of bismuth borate glasses make them very suitable for developing ultrafast optical switches, photonic devices and infrared transmission components [8, 9]. Additionally, these glasses can be used in several applications such as glass ceramics like substrates of optical and electronic devices, sensors, and reflecting windows [10, 11]. In recent decades, attention has been focused on bismuth borate-based compounds for their applications as piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, and nonlinear optical device materials [12, 13]. Nowadays, heavy metal oxide glasses have been used in several fields due to their favorite properti
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