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Radiation effects in glasses used for immobilization of high-level waste and plutonium disposition William J. Weber Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, M.S. K2-44, Richland, Washington 99352

Rodney C. Ewinga) Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131

C. Austen Angell Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287

George W. Arnold Consultants International, 11729 S Highway 14, Tijeras, New Mexico 87059

Alastair N. Cormack NYS College of Ceramics, Alfred University, Alfred, New York 14802

Jean Marc Delaye DTA/SRMP, Centre d’Etudes de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France

David L. Griscom Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375

Linn W. Hobbs Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139

Alexandra Navrotskyb) Geological and Geophysical Sciences & Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544

David L. Price Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439

A. Marshall Stoneham Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom

Michael C. Weinberg Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 (Received 28 October 1996; accepted 17 April 1997)

This paper is a comprehensive review of the state-of-knowledge in the field of radiation effects in glasses that are to be used for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste and plutonium disposition. The current status and issues in the area of radiation damage processes, defect generation, microstructure development, theoretical methods and experimental methods are reviewed. Questions of fundamental and technological interest that offer opportunities for research are identified.

a)

Present address: Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2104.

1946

http://journals.cambridge.org

J. Mater. Res., Vol. 12, No. 8, Aug 1997

Downloaded: 04 Mar 2015

b)

Present address: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616.  1997 Materials Research Society

IP address: 132.203.227.63

W. J. Weber et al.: Radiation effects in glasses used for immobilization of high-level waste

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION A. High-level nuclear waste and plutonium B. Principles of radionuclide immobilization in glass

1947 1948 1949

II. PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION EFFECTS A. Radiation sources B. Interaction of radiation with glass 1. Ionization and electronic excitation 2. Ballistic processes 3. Transmutations and gas production C. Irradiation techniques 1. Actinide-incorporation 2. Actinides in natural glasses 3. Charged-particle irradiation 4. Gamma irradiation 5. Neutron irradiation

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III. STRUCTURE AND RADIATION EFFEC