Radiative properties of Eu(DBM) 3 Phen-doped poly(methyl methacrylate)
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Zhiqiang Zheng Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
Qijin Zhanga) Structure Research Laboratory and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
Hai Ming Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
Biao Chen, Jie Xu, and Hui Zhao Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China (Received 19 March 2003; accepted 20 May 2003)
Eu(DBM)3Phen-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with different doping concentrations was prepared. Judd–Ofelt parameters ⍀2 and ⍀4 and the fluorescence intensity ratio R were computed from the fluorescence emission spectra and were analyzed. The radiative properties, such as transition probabilities, emission cross section (46.47 × 10−22 cm2), fluorescence branching ratios (90.34%), and radiative lifetime (1.704 ms), reveal that Eu(DBM)3Phen-doped PMMA has potential use as a laser material.
I. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, rare-earth ions containing polymers have attracted much attention for their potential applications for fluorescence and laser systems and optical communication devices, such as polymer optical fiber amplifier and integrated waveguide.1–4 Conventional materials for accomplishing lasing action are basically inorganic crystals or glass doped with rare-earth ions. Technological advances have been limited by the amount of ions introduced via doping without causing phase separation and by the extremely high costs of materials processing.5 In addition to that, the concentration quenching of rare-earth-doped inorganic crystals or glass usually sets at relatively low concentrations (∼1000 ppm-wt).6 However, encapsulating rare-earth ions with organic ligands makes it possible to incorporate them into polymer hosts up to higher concentrations (∼1 wt.%), and concentration quenching sets in at higher concentrations.6
As a polymer material, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) attracted particular interest for its low optical absorption, simple synthesis, and low cost.7 These characteristics make it suitable as a host material for rareearth ions and organic dye doping. In chelates of europium, inversion can be attained by use as a pump band of the intense absorption of the ligand, from which the energy absorbed is transferred intramolecularly to the Eu3+ ion.8 In addition to that, it also shows excellent solubility in polymer host. Due to these reasons, Eu(DBM)3Phen was chosen as the dopant in PMMA. In this paper, the Judd–Ofelt phenomenological parameters ⍀2 and ⍀4 of different doping concentration were obtained from fluorescence emission spectra and were analyzed. Based on the Judd–Ofelt theory,9,10 radiative properties of Eu(DBM)3Phen-doped PMMA, such as transition probabilities, emission cross section, fluorescence branching ratios, and radiat
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