Radiomics and radiogenomics in ovarian cancer: a literature review
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SPECIAL SECTION: OVARIAN CANCER
Radiomics and radiogenomics in ovarian cancer: a literature review S. Nougaret1,2 · Cathal McCague3 · Hichem Tibermacine1,2 · Hebert Alberto Vargas4 · Stefania Rizzo5,6 · E. Sala3 Received: 5 August 2020 / Revised: 1 October 2020 / Accepted: 10 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ovarian cancer remains one of the most lethal gynecological cancers in the world despite extensive progress in the areas of chemotherapy and surgery. Many studies have postulated that this is because of the profound heterogeneity that underpins response to therapy and prognosis. Standard imaging evaluation using CT or MRI does not take into account this tumoral heterogeneity especially in advanced stages with peritoneal carcinomatosis. As such, newly emergent fields in the assessment of tumor heterogeneity have been proposed using radiomics to evaluate the whole tumor burden heterogeneity as opposed to single biopsy sampling. This review provides an overview of radiomics, radiogenomics, and proteomics and examines the use of these newly emergent fields in assessing tumor heterogeneity and its implications in ovarian cancer. Keywords Ovarian cancer · Radiomics · Proteomics · Radiogenomics
Introduction Ovarian cancer remains one of the most lethal gynecological cancers in the world with the epithelial subtype accounting for more than 90% of all cases and being responsible for the vast majority of ovarian cancer-related deaths [1]. Although progress has been made through refinements in chemotherapeutic and surgical approaches, patient survival and prognosis have only improved slightly in the recent years [2–7]. Many studies have postulated that this is because the disease cannot be defined as a single entity, but rather consists of a
* S. Nougaret [email protected] 1
IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM, U1194, University of Montpellier, 208 Ave des Apothicaires, 34295 Montpellier, France
2
Department of Radiology, Montpellier Cancer institute, 208 Ave des Apothicaires, 34295 Montpellier, France
3
Department of Radiology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 218, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
4
Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
5
Istituto di Imaging della Svizzera Italiana (IIMSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, CH, Switzerland
6
Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, CH, Switzerland
vast degree of cellular and genomic heterogeneity that dictate response to therapy and prognosis [8–15]. This heterogeneity can be divided into inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity [15, 16]. Inter-tumoral heterogeneity is defined as the genotypic and phenotypic variations found between multiple tumor implants in the peritoneal cavity while intra-tumoral heterogeneity is recognized as the coexistence of different cell populations within one single lesion [16]. Two models used to explain this inter
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