Rapid synthesis of gold nanoparticles for photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol
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Rapid synthesis of gold nanoparticles for photocatalytic reduction of 4‑nitrophenol Li Sun1 · Mingliang Zhou1 · Zheng Yin1,2 · Lixin Zhang1 · Binlin Dou1 · Wenxian Su1 Received: 24 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract A green, rapid and controllable synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) was achieved using the mulberry fruit (MF) extract as reducing and capping agent at room temperature. Obtained Au NPs were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectrum, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. It could be found that Au NPs had a small size of 4.2–20.1 nm, face-centered cubic crystalline structure and homogeneous dispersion, indicating strong reducing and capping capacities of the MF extract. Meanwhile, the morphology (quasi-sphere/sphere) of Au NPs could be controlled only by adjusting the MF extract concentration. Furthermore, based on the 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction reaction, as-prepared Au NPs exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and stability Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1116 4-020-04254-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Li Sun [email protected] Mingliang Zhou [email protected] Zheng Yin [email protected] Lixin Zhang [email protected] Binlin Dou [email protected] Wenxian Su [email protected] 1
School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Jun Gong Road 516, Shanghai 200093, China
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Beijing FRP Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102101, China
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in 30 days. Under sunlight irradiation, 4-NP could be completely reduced in 4 min and its rate constant could reach up to 0.91 min−1. And the rate constant could be linearly adjusted by the MF extract concentration or the amount of Au NPs hydrosol. In addition, it could also be found that the light source with short wavelength could obviously elevate the photocatalytic activity of Au NPs, attributed to the hotelectron effect. Clearly, as-obtained Au NPs can have great potential applications in wastewater treatment. Graphic abstract
Keywords Gold nanoparticles · Mulberry fruit · 4-nitrophenol · Photocatalysis · Reduction
Introduction Recently, organic pollutants in industrial and agricultural wastewater have posed significant environmental and public health hazards [1–3]. Among these organic pollutants, 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) with toxicity and carcinogenicity is difficult to be quickly and completely removed because of its high solubility and stability in water [4, 5]. At present, the photocatalytic reduction method is considered to be an effective method, in which sodium borohydride is chosen as the hydrogen donor and semiconductor or noble metal materials are used as photocatalysts. The si
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