Rapid synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles via a novel approach in the dual-frequency ultrasonic system for specifi
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Rapid synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles via a novel approach in the dual-frequency ultrasonic system for specific biomedical application Shi-ting Deng1, Zi-ting Lin1, Hai-xia Tang1, Shahid Ullah2, Yong-guang Bi3,a) 1
College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China 3 College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; and The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 15 November 2018; accepted: 15 March 2019
The hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAPs) were synthesized rapidly by the self-assembled dual-frequency ultrasonic method. The ultrasonic time and power effect on the morphology and phase composition of nHAPs were investigated through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) spectrometer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which showed that the most uniform nanoparticles were obtained when the ultrasonic time was 30 min and the ultrasonic power was 280 W. Cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests showed that an indistinctive cytotoxic effect was within the concentration of 25–400 lg/mL and the hemolytic ratio was below 2.0% at concentration of 25–200 lg/mL, respectively, revealing a good biocompatibility of nHAPs. By loading tetracycline hydrochloride onto nHAPs spheres, the drug release results showed that the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were (26.34 ± 2.99)% and (52.68 ± 5.98)%, respectively. The drug-loaded sample shows a slow-release property, indicating that nHAPs may be promising as drug carriers.
Introduction Bone tissue, the primarily structural material of vertebrate animals, has a complex structure in a mineral–biopolymer system and its components are primary hydroxyapatite (HAP) and collagen [1]. HAP with a Ca/P stoichiometric ratio of 1.66–1.67 exists in bone tissue, mainly displays a rod-shaped structure with a width of about 20 nm and length of 40–60 nm and is arranged along collagen fibers [2]. Recently, HAP is widely used in orthopedics, implant materials, and drug delivery systems because of its biocompatibility, osteoconduction, and compositional similarity to that of mineralized bone [3, 4, 5]. Additionally, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAPs) are capable of inhibiting the propagation of the cancer cells [6, 7]. The preparation of HAP has attracted considerable attention owing to its excellent properties, and the particle sizes of HAP can be made up to nano scale (less than 100 nm), which is more similar to the structure in the bone tissue. Up to now, many researchers have developed various synthetic
ª Materials Research Society 2019
methods, such as combustion sy
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