Ratiometric optical thermometer based on the use of manganese(II)-doped Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 thermochromic and fluorescent hali
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Ratiometric optical thermometer based on the use of manganese(II)-doped Cs3Cu2I5 thermochromic and fluorescent halides Peng Du 1,2
&
Peiqing Cai 3 & Weiping Li 1,2 & Laihui Luo 1,2 & Yafei Hou 1,2 & Zugang Liu 3
Received: 27 May 2019 / Accepted: 29 September 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The inconsistent thermal quenching performance of manganese(II)-doped Cs3Cu2I5 microparticles is exploited in a highly sensitive noninvasive optical thermometer. The ratio of the emissions of Cu(II) and Mn(II) ions in the microparticles is highly temperature dependent in the range from 298 to 498 K. The best absolute and relative sensitivities are 0.547 K−1 and 0.525% K−1, respectively. The emission spectrum, under 300-nm photoexcitation, has emission peaks at 448 and 556 nm. This is the result of energy transfer between the Cu(II) and Mn(II) ions whose efficiency can reach up to 57% when the Mn(II) ion concentration is 2 mol%. The emission color of the microparticles changes from cyan to green when increasing the temperature from 298 to 498 K. Keywords Luminescence . Phosphors . Energy transfer . FIR technique . X-ray diffraction . Remote detection . Color tuning . Solid-state reaction . Microparticles
Introduction Thermometers with high sensitivity, high precision, and fast and real-time response are of wide interest. Rare-earth iondoped luminescent nano/micro-materials are regarded as promising candidates for monitoring the temperature surrounding the objects by utilizing the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technology [1, 2]. Generally, to make these compounds are available in temperature testing and imaging, they Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3881-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Peng Du [email protected]; [email protected] * Laihui Luo [email protected] * Zugang Liu [email protected] 1
Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
2
School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
3
College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Zhejiang 310018, Hangzhou, China
use the diverse variation tendencies of two emissions at elevated temperature. In particular, the FIR technology utilizes temperature-dependent two diverse emissions arising from thermally coupled levels of rare-earth ions. As for the energy gap of thermally coupled levels, its value should be in the range of 200–2000 cm−1. Furthermore, the relative sensitivity (i.e., Sr = ΔE/kT2) of the rare-earth ions doped luminescent materials is in proportion to the involved energy separation [3, 4]. In spite of considerable interest and rapid progress, the reported optical thermometers still exhibited unsatisfied relative sensitivity (1% < Sr < 3% K−1) caused by the fixed energy gap. Therefore, further efforts are required to develop high sensitive optical thermometers. The
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