REACH for Commercialization: Narrowing the Gender Gap in Technology Transfer
- PDF / 627,646 Bytes
- 3 Pages / 593.858 x 792 pts Page_size
- 43 Downloads / 199 Views
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04313-2 Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
REACH for Commercialization: Narrowing the Gender Gap in Technology Transfer Mary C. Juhas and Caroline E. Crisafulli Background
Mary C. Juhas
Caroline E. Crisafulli
A 2019 U.S. Patent and Trademark 2൶FHUHSRUWUHYHDOHGWKDWRYHUWKHODVW GHFDGHDOOIHPDOHWHDPVRQSDWHQWV UHSUHVHQWHGURXJKO\RILVVXHGSDWHQWV1 $VVKRZQLQ7DEOH,WKHUHLVDSHUVLVWHQW DQGZLGHJHQGHUJDSLQSDWHQWDFWLYLW\ DFURVVDOOHFRQRPLFVHFWRUVLQFOXGLQJ FRUSRUDWLRQVDFDGHPLDJRYHUQPHQWDQG QRQSUR¿WV7KHJUHDWHVWGLVSDULW\LVIRXQG LQWKHFRUSRUDWHVHFWRU:KLOHWKHSDWHQWV ZLWKDWOHDVWRQHIHPDOHLQYHQWRUKDYH LQFUHDVHGIURPLQWRLQ WKHQXPEHURIXQLTXHZRPHQLQYHQWRUV FRQVLGHULQJWKRVHZLWKPXOWLSOHSDWHQWV VKRZQDV³ZRPHQLQYHQWRUUDWH´KDV UHPDLQHGÀDWDWDERXW±VLQFH 5HVHDUFKUHYHDOVWKDWWKLVLPEDODQFH VWHPVSUHGRPLQDQWO\IURP LQDGHTXDWH IRUPDODQGLQIRUPDOQHWZRUNVDQG WKH ³VHUYLFHWD[´ZKLFKGLVSURSRUWLRQDWHO\ GLVDGYDQWDJHVZRPHQZLWKH[WUDZRUN EXUGHQVWKDWURXWLQHO\JRXQUHFRJQL]HG DQGXQFRPSHQVDWHG±7KLVLVSDUWLFXODUO\ WUXHIRUZRPHQRIFRORUZKRH[SHULHQFH WKHVHUYLFHWD[GRXEOHELQG7KHVH UHDOLWLHVRIWKHMREDUHH[DFHUEDWHGE\ GHHSO\HQWUHQFKHGFXOWXUDOQRUPVWKDWDUH W\SLFDOO\XQVSRNHQEXWKDYHVLJQL¿FDQW
25
Percent
20
Patents with at least one woman inventor Women inventor rate Women's share of total patenting
15 10 5 0 1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
Table I. Forty-Year Trends in Women Patenting1
2006
2011
2016
LPSDFW:RPHQDUHXQFRPIRUWDEOHZLWK WKHVHOISURPRWLRQQHFHVVDU\WRVWDQG RXWDQGPRYHLGHDVIRUZDUG7KRVH ZKRGRULVNHQJDJLQJLQVHOISURPRWLQJ EHKDYLRUHDUQXQÀDWWHULQJODEHOV VRPHWLPHVIURPRWKHUZRPHQ:RPHQ RIWHQDYRLGWKHULVNRIUHSUHVHQWLQJ WKHLUJHQGHULIWKH\IDLO7KLVLV HVSHFLDOO\WKHFDVHZKHQWKH\HQJDJH LQSURIHVVLRQDODFWLYLWLHVSHUFHLYHG DVVWUD\LQJRXWVLGHWKHHVWDEOLVKHG H[SHFWDWLRQVDQGUHTXLUHPHQWVRIWKHLU MRE,QGHHGLQYHQWLRQGLVFORVXUHVDQG SDWHQWDSSOLFDWLRQV²WKHSUHFXUVRUVRIDQ DZDUGHGSDWHQW²DUHQRWJXDUDQWHHVRI VXFFHVVLQWKHWHQXUHSURFHVVSURPRWLRQ RUUHFRJQLWLRQDPRQJSHHUVLQDFDGHPLD RULQDQ\RUJDQL]DWLRQ
REACH for Commercialization™ 5($&+IRU&RPPHUFLDOL]DWLRQ LVD\HDUURXQG FRKRUWEDVHGSURJUDP GHVLJQHGWRDGGUHVVWKHSHUVLVWHQWJHQGHU JDSLQWHFKQRORJ\WUDQVIHUSDWHQWLQJ DQGHQWUHSUHQHXULDODFWLYLWLHV REACH FRQVLVWVRIDVHULHVRILQWHUDFWLYH ZRUNVKRSVIRUPDODQGLQIRUPDO QHWZRUNLQJRSSRUWXQLWLHVDQGLQGLYLGXDO PHQWRULQJ7KHSURJUDPLVGHVLJQHGWR DPSOLI\WKHLPSDFWRI5HV($U&+IDVW WUDFNDFDGHPLFGLVFRYHU\IRUWKHEHQH¿W RIVRFLHW\DQGHQKDQFHSURIHVVLRQDO GHYHORSPHQW ,QLWLDOO\NQRZQDV³3URMHFW5($&+´ WKHSURJUDPHPHUJHGDVWKHVLJQDWXUH LQLWLDWLYHRID1DWLRQDO6FLHQFH )RXQGDWLRQ$'9$1&(,QVWLWXWLRQDO 7UDQVIRUPDWLRQJUDQWDZDUGHGWR7KH 2KLR6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\268 LQ 7KH¿YH\HDUJUDQWPDUNHGWKHGHVLJQ DQGODXQFKRI
Data Loading...