Reactive quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent derived from cardanol for UV curable coating
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Reactive quaternary ammonium antimicrobial agent derived from cardanol for UV curable coating Devam J. Devam J. Ponda1 · Siddhesh U. Mestry1 · Pavan Y. Borse1 · S. T. Mhaske1 Received: 14 December 2019 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 © Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute 2020
Abstract The current research work presents an attempt to develop an antimicrobial agent from the bioresource cardanol which can be embedded in the polymer matrix to develop a UV curable coating. The brominated cardanol (BC) was synthesized from liquid bromine (Br2) and cardanol followed by the reaction with triethylamine (TEA) to synthesize quaternary ammonium cardanol (AC). Further, the reaction with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) gives a UV curable antimicrobial agent (AA). This AA was incorporated in the epoxy acrylate UV curable system in various proportions along with the photoinitiator and coated onto a wooden substrate. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies and elemental analysis results revealed that the desired product has been formed. An antimicrobial test was performed with three types of microorganisms viz., bacteria, yeast, and fungi. The test results showed that the antimicrobial performance of the coatings was increased with the significant inhibition percentage values of 81.59% for gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), 77.12% for gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), and 73.82% for yeast (Candida albicans). Also, there was a decrease in the growth% value of the fungi (Aspergillus niger) as the concentration of AA in the system was increased. The mechanical properties of all the coatings were similar. There was a decrease in the Tg as well as in the degradation temperature of the coating films as the concentration of AA was increased, but the char yield got increased, as well. The sample with 20 wt% of AA showed the maximum amount of char yield (11.49%). Keywords Antimicrobial agent · Cardanol · Quaternary ammonium compound · UV curable coating · Bio-based
Introduction Currently, infections originating from microorganisms are one of the major healthcare challenges in the world. Western industrialized countries find 4–10% of such types of Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-020-00883-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * S. T. Mhaske [email protected]; [email protected] Devam J. Devam J. Ponda [email protected] Siddhesh U. Mestry [email protected] Pavan Y. Borse [email protected] 1
Department of Polymer and Surface Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
infections while in the developing countries this value goes beyond 15% [1]. These infections are common in hospitals called nosocomial infections caused due to either aerosolization or bacterial colonization on the surgical tables, monitoring, or anesthesia equipment [2]. Bactria colonization on the surface can lead to the formation of biofilm
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