Study of Oxetane Toughened Cationic UV Curable Marine Fouling Release Coating
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1005-Q02-08
Study of Oxetane Toughened Cationic UV Curable Marine Fouling Release Coating Zhigang Chen1, Rachel Wagner1, Sandeep Patel1, Jongsoo Kim1, Shane Stafslien1, Justin Daniels1, Lyndsi Vander Wal1, Chavanin Siripirom2, and Bret Chisholm1 1 Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, North Dakota State University, 1805 NDSU Research Park Drive, Fargo, ND, 58102 2 Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, 1735 Research Park Drive, Fargo, ND, 58105 ABSTRACT To develop a cationic UV curable, tough fouling-release coating for marine vessels, a difunctional oxetane monomer was used to copolymerize with the epoxy-siloxane oligomer at loading levels from 10% to 40% wt.. The resulting coatings showed enhanced solvent resistance, impact resistance and modulus, while remained hydrophobic before and after immersion in artificial sea water. In marine microorganism bioassay, these oxetane toughened coatings showed no leachate toxicity and the coating surfaces were non-toxic to biofilm growth. The fouling removal performance for these coatings was found to be microorganism dependent. Live barnacle reattachment assay showed that the toughened coatings had a removal force comparable to the reference silicone coatings Dow Corning T2 and 3140. INTRODUCTION Marine biofouling causes higher cost of the operation and maintenance of marine vessels, and introduction of non-native species into local environments [1]. Among different solutions proposed throughout the history of navigation, tributyltin self-polishing copolymer paints (TBTSPC paints) have been the most successful in combating biofouling on ship hulls. But due to the adverse effect on the marine environment, the use of TBT-SPC paints will be banned in the near future [1,2]. Silicone based non-biocide containing fouling-release coating were identified as potential alternatives due to their low surface energy, low microroughness, low elastic modulus and low glass transition temperature characteristics [2,3]. But generally these silicone based fouling-release coatings exhibit poor adhesion and mechanical properties [3]. Despite many active searches for non-toxic anti-fouling/fouling release (AF/FR) coating technologies, few are focused on the radiation cure chemistry. The UV (Ultraviolet) curable coating technology provides some apparent advantages over others as a result of its fast cure, low/no VOC (volatile organic content) characteristics. In marine AF/FR coating applications, the use of UV curable coatings may lead to lower maintenance costs and much less environmental impact. Compared to the free radical photopolymerization, cationic UV curable materials have the advantages of good adhesion, low shrinkage, no oxygen inhibition and no monomer/oligomer related sensitization [4]. Cycloaliphatic epoxy monomers are typically used as the main ingredients in cationic UV curable formulations, and oxetanes, polyols and vinyl ethers are used as reactive diluents [5]. One derivative of cycloaliphatic epoxies is the epoxy-siloxane oligomer,
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