Realizing Bioremediation Through Metagenomics: A Technical Review
A variety of toxic pollutants have been reported in industrial effluents, which roots grave environmental pollution. Conventional culture-based strategies have led to isolation, screening and identification of potential microorganisms for bioremediation.
- PDF / 595,933 Bytes
- 17 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 41 Downloads / 155 Views
Realizing Bioremediation Through Metagenomics: A Technical Review Deepansh Sharma, Deepti Singh, Mehak Manzoor, Kunal Meena, Vikrant Sharma, Kajal Butaney, and Reshan Gale Marbaniang
Abstract
A variety of toxic pollutants have been reported in industrial effluents, which roots grave environmental pollution. Conventional culture-based strategies have led to isolation, screening and identification of potential microorganisms for bioremediation. Microscopic analysis and molecular marker studies establish that less than 1% of the microorganisms can be cultured using routine microbiological techniques. The recent progress in culture-independent approach has laid down into the ecology of environmental sites. Because of the various constraints related to the culture-methods, a strategy identified as “metagenomics” is now preferred to discover the genetic makeup of both culturable and non-culturable microbes from any sample. In the present book chapter, we have discussed scope of the metagenomic approaches for utilisation in environmental clean-up of affected sites. Metagenomic tools, composed with developing high-throughput sequencing knowledges have elaborated understanding into the complex exchanges among diverse microbial populations and their metabolic ability, which could be utilized in different bioremediation approaches for effective exclusion contaminants from the environment. Keywords
Bioremediation · Culture-independent methods · Degradative genes · Functional metagenomics
D. Sharma · D. Singh (*) · M. Manzoor · K. Meena · V. Sharma · K. Butaney · R. G. Marbaniang Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 R. S. Chopra et al. (eds.), Metagenomics: Techniques, Applications, Challenges and Opportunities, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6529-8_6
91
92
6.1
D. Sharma et al.
Introduction
Industrialization and urbanisation are fuelling the need for a proper understanding of the association and impact of microbial contaminants and human health. In many developing countries, the rising pollution and accumulation of pollutants are the result of the fast industrialisation in the last few decades. A variety of toxic pollutants have been reported in industrial effluents, which roots grave environmental pollution (Saharan et al. 2011). The recalcitrant nature and poor biodegradability of organic and inorganic contaminants in industrial effluent have a crucial impact for environmental well-being protection and, thus, there is an immediate need to tackle such kind of industrial effluent sufficiently before the disposal. The traditional approaches for waste biodegradation are composting, landfilling, dumping sites, incineration of waste by heat and chemical neutralization of the various contaminants. These approaches are not accepted worldwide due to their intricate design and lack of public acceptance due to non-ethical presentation (Karigar and Rao 2011; Kumar et al. 2015). Microbial-mediated degradation of the various pollutants is a pract
Data Loading...
