Recent advances, approaches and challenges in targeting pathways for potential COVID-19 vaccines development
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Recent advances, approaches and challenges in targeting pathways for potential COVID-19 vaccines development Daniela Calina 1 & Chandan Sarkar 2 & Andreea Letitia Arsene 3 & Bahare Salehi 4,5 & Anca Oana Docea 6 Milon Mondal 2 & Muhammad Torequl Islam 2 & Alireza Zali 7 & Javad Sharifi-Rad 8
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Received: 2 September 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic in a modern era, there is a global consensus on the need for the rapid development of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for effective and sustainable control. Developing these vaccines is fundamental to public health. This urgent need is supported by the scientific explosion in structural and genomic biology that facilitates the urgent development of an ideal COVID-19 vaccine, using new pathways to facilitate its large-scale development, testing, and manufacture. Here, we summarize the types of COVID-19 candidate vaccines, their current stage in early testing in human clinical trials, and the challenges for their implementation. Keywords SARS-CoV-2 . COVID-19pandemic . Immunology . Candidatevaccines . Safety . Efficacy . Quality . Public health
Introduction In late December 2019, information emerged about a mysterious pneumonia in Wuhan, a city in Hubei, a Chinese province. Six months later, in the context of more than ten million cases, the COVID-19 pandemic has become the worst public health crisis of the last century [1]. A number of coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43) cause endemic mild respiratory
conditions, in the group of common “colds” or “common respiratory viruses.” Two other coronaviruses caused severe respiratory epidemics. SARS-CoV identified in 2002 in southern China, in the rapidly spreading global region of Gunagdong and which by the time of its disappearance in 2004, caused over 8000 human cases and 774 deaths (9.5% mortality) [2]. MERS-CoV (Middle East Coronavirus Respiratory Syndrome) was identified in 2012 in Saudi Arabia, later spread to 27 countries and it
* Daniela Calina [email protected]
1
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
* Anca Oana Docea [email protected]
2
Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
* Javad Sharifi-Rad [email protected]
3
Department of Department of Microbiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
4
Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
5
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
6
Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
7
Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Comprehensive Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 02125719, Iran
8
Phytochemistry Resear
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