Recent Advances in Lichenology Modern Methods and Approaches in Lich
This book discusses in detail molecular, mycobiont culture, biomonitoring and bioprospection of lichens, providing insights into advances in different fields of lichenology by applying modern techniques and approaches and examining how their application h
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Recent Advances in Lichenology Modern Methods and Approaches in Lichen Systematics and Culture Techniques, Volume 2
Recent Advances in Lichenology
Dalip Kumar Upreti Pradeep K. Divakar Vertika Shukla Rajesh Bajpai •
•
Editors
Recent Advances in Lichenology Modern Methods and Approaches in Lichen Systematics and Culture Techniques, Volume 2
123
Editors Dalip Kumar Upreti Lichenology Laboratory CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
Vertika Shukla Lichenology Laboratory CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
Pradeep K. Divakar Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal II Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Madrid Spain
Rajesh Bajpai Lichenology Laboratory CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh India
ISBN 978-81-322-2234-7 DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-2235-4
ISBN 978-81-322-2235-4
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014957397 Springer New Delhi Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer India 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd. is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Dedicated to
Dr. D.D. Awasthi Father of Indian Lichenology
Foreword
vii
Preface
Lichens present an excellent example of symbiotic association. The unique composition of alga and fungi in lichens not only results in conferring differential sensitivity towards a range of environmental factors but also makes them physiologically adapted and chemically diversed to combat various abiotic and biotic environmental stresses. This book volume covers two very important aspects of lichens, i.e. biomonitoring and bioprospection. In order to understand the role of lichens as biomonitors, it is important to know various factors which influence the growth of lichens in natural conditions. Lichens have been known for long as bioindicators of air pollution and various studies have explored biomonito
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