Recent advances in the construction of nanozyme-based logic gates
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Biophysics Reports
REVIEW
Recent advances in the construction of nanozyme-based logic gates Fang Pu1, Jinsong Ren1,2, Xiaogang Qu1,2& 1
2
Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Received: 28 June 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020
Abstract
Nanozymes, nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity, have been considered as promising alternatives of natural enzymes. Molecular logic gates, which can simulate the function of the basic unit of an electronic computer, perform Boolean logic operation in response to chemical, biological, or optical signals. Recently, the combination of nanozymes and logic gates enabled bioinformation processing in a logically controllable way. In the review, recent progress in the construction of nanozyme-based logic gates integrated with their utility in sensing is introduced. Furthermore, the issues and challenges in the construction processes are discussed. It is expected the review will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of nanozyme-based logic systems.
Keywords Nanozyme, Logic gate, Sensor, Regulation, Input
INTRODUCTION The computer processes digital information and performs logical operation based on silicon-circuitry and logic gates. Electrical signals are used as inputs and outputs of logic gates which follow the laws of Boolean algebra. The absence and presence of electrical signals are defined as 0 and 1, respectively. Boolean logic gates produce binary outputs 0/1 upon treatment with binary inputs 0/1, corresponding to AND, OR, INHIBIT, NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR, etc. Originating from the requirements of computer miniaturization and increase of function density, Boolean logic operations have been realized on the molecular levels (Andreasson and Pischel 2010; de Silva and McClenaghan 2004; Erbas-Cakmak et al. 2018; Pu et al. 2014b). In general, molecular logic gates are implemented based on molecular switching or chemical reaction. Various chemical and physical signals serve as inputs and as outputs. In the past few decades, inspired by the biocatalytic reactions in biological process, great & Correspondence: [email protected] (X. Qu)
Ó The Author(s) 2020
efforts have been made in construction of logic gates and computing components based on natural enzymes (Katz and Privman 2010; Lin et al. 2012). Nanozyme, the nanomaterial with enzyme-like properties, has attracted great attention in recent years (Huang et al. 2019; Wei and Wang 2013; Wu et al. 2019a). Compared with natural enzyme, nanozyme presented the advantages of easy preparation and modification, high stability, duration under harsh conditions, size/morphology/composition dependent activity, and low cost. As an alternative, nanozymes show potential application in environment, biomedicine, and food industry (Huang et al. 2018, 2019; Wang et al. 2016). Nanozymes have also been used as computing elements to mimic the
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