Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Thermoplastic Semicrystalline Shape Memory Polyurethanes
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Thermoplastic Semicrystalline Shape Memory Polyurethanes M. A. Gorbunovaa,*, D. V. Anokhina, and E. R. Badamshinaa aInstitute
of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received January 22, 2020; revised March 5, 2020; accepted May 22, 2020
Abstract—The state of the art of materials science in the field of synthesis of promising functional thermoelastoplasts based on polyurethanes and poly(urethane ureas) is analyzed. Interest in these materials has remained high during the past two decades owing to the ease of production, biocompatibility, good thermal and mechanical characteristics, and the possibility to adjust properties to a specific application. The main focus is on describing semicrystalline polyurethanes, in which crystalline domains play the role of a temporary physical network, which provides an opportunity to design adaptive materials with the shape memory effect. The described materials are divided according to the types of external stimuli which are switches of mechanical properties. The effect of the nature and composition of thermoresponsive polyurethanes on the mechanical properties and main characteristics of the shape memory effect is considered. Recent achievements in the synthesis, modification, and characterization of polyurethane materials are discussed, and the most interesting examples of their application in medicine are presented. DOI: 10.1134/S1560090420050073
INTRODUCTION Polymers with the shape memory effect (SME) and their composites attract a considerable amount of attention of researchers owing to their ability to assume one or several temporary shapes and to recover their original shape (or other temporary shapes) in response to external stimuli. According to the type of external stimulus, SME polymers are classified as thermoresponsive (stimulus, temperature), electroresponsive (stimulus, electricity), magnetoresponsive (stimulus, magnetic field), pH-responsive (stimulus, pH change), and light-responsive (stimulus, light radiation). These polymers belong to the class of adaptive or “smart” materials. It is important that in most cases SME polymers are thermoresponsive or thermally activated (induced), that is, they resume their original shape under local heating. The application area of SME polymers with a highgrowth potential is the medical industry (Fig. 1) [1]. The benefits of these materials are biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to change shape at body temperature. Among SME polymers, semicrystalline segmented thermoplastic polyurethanes and poly(urethane ureas) are of particular interest, which is confirmed by the growth of reviews and papers that appeared during the past two decades [2–6]. Serious studies in the field of thermoplastic SME polyurethanes appeared at the
beginning of the 2000s after A. Lendlein et al. formulated the concept of creating biocompatible thermoresponsive polyurethanes [7–11]. Since that ti
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