Recent insights on modulation of inflammasomes by adipokines: a critical event for the pathogenesis of obesity and metab
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Online ISSN 1976-3786 Print ISSN 0253-6269
REVIEW
Recent insights on modulation of inflammasomes by adipokines: a critical event for the pathogenesis of obesity and metabolism‑associated diseases Duc‑Vinh Pham1 · Pil‑Hoon Park1,2
Received: 28 August 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 © The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2020
Abstract Aberrant production of adipokines, a group of adipocytes-derived hormones, is considered one of the most important pathological characteristics of obesity. In individuals with obesity, beneficial adipokines, such as adiponectin are downregulated, whereas leptin and other pro-inflammatory adipokines are highly upregulated. Hence, the imbalance in levels of these adipokines is thought to promote the development of obesity-linked complications. However, the mechanisms by which adipokines contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases have not been clearly understood. Inflammasomes represent key signaling platform that triggers the inflammatory and immune responses through the processing of the interleukin family of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a caspase-1-dependent manner. Beyond their traditional function as a component of the innate immune system, inflammasomes have been recently integrated into the pathological process of multiple metabolism- and obesity-related disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cancer. Interestingly, emerging evidence also highlights the role of adipokines in the modulation of inflammasomes activation, making it a promising mechanism underlying distinct biological actions of adipokines in diseases driven by inflammation and metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize the effects of adipokines, in particular adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and apelin, on inflammasomes activation and their implications in the pathophysiology of obesity-linked complications.
* Pil‑Hoon Park [email protected] 1
College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
2
Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
Keywords Adipokine · Inflammasomes · Inflammation · Metabolic disorder · Obesity
Introduction Obesity has been associated with a high risk of various diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cancer (Weiss et al. 2004). Although these links have been convincingly demonstrated in a large number of clinical trials, detailed mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of obesity-linked disorders are still unclear. Accumulating evidence has suggested that excess adiposity can cause profound changes in endocrinal, immunological, and metabolic function of adipose tissue, accompanied by an aberrant secretion pattern of adipose tissue-derived hormones, collectively called as adipokines. Indeed, clinical and epidemiological data have shown that obesity promotes production and secretion of numerous adipokines including leptin, resistin, and visfatin, but downregulates the level of certain adipokines such as adipone
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