Recent progress in organic hole-transporting materials with 4-anisylamino-based end caps for efficient perovskite solar
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REVIEW
Recent progress in organic hole-transporting materials with 4-anisylamino-based end caps for efficient perovskite solar cells Xiao-Peng Xu, Shi-Yang Li, Ying Li, Qiang Peng*
Received: 9 August 2020 / Revised: 2 September 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 Ó GRINM Bohan (Beijing) Publishing Co., Ltd 2020
Abstract Perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology and have attracted wide research interest due to their outstanding photovoltaic performance, low cost, and the ability to fabricate largearea devices. An impressive certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2% has been achieved, demonstrating the excellent potential of PVSCs for future applications. Hole-transporting materials play a key role in improving the device performance of PVSCs by facilitating the extraction of photogenerated holes and their transport from the perovskite layer to the anode. This review provides a brief introduction to PVSCs and summarizes the recent progress in small molecule hole-transporting materials (SM-HTMs) bearing various cores and different 4-anisylamino-based end caps. We classify the end caps into N,N-di-4-anisylamino (DAA), 4-(N,N-di-4-anisylamino)benzo (DAB), and N3, N6(or N2, N7)-bis(di-4anisylamino)-9H-carbazole (3,6-DAC or 2,7-DAC) groups. We also review the core type, end cap position and number, how these affect the overall properties of the SM-HTMs, and the resultant PVSC device performances. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the future development of SM-HTMs are presented. Keywords Perovskite solar cells; Hole-transporting materials; Small molecules; 4-Anisylamino derivatives
X.-P. Xu, S.-Y. Li, Y. Li, Q. Peng* Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China e-mail: [email protected]
1 Introduction Perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology and have attracted wide research interest due to their outstanding photovoltaic performance and low cost, together with the ability to fabricate large-area devices [1, 2]. Since their first report in 2009 [3], the development of PVSCs has rapidly progressed over the past decade. A state-of-the-art power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 25% has been certified for PVSCs by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) [4]. This value is close to that of existing highperformance silicon and inorganic material-based solar cell technologies, demonstrating the bright future of PVSCs for practical applications. PVSCs generally consist of electrodes (cathode and anode), charge transporting layers [hole-transporting material (HTM) and electron-transporting material (ETM)], and a perovskite layer sandwiched between the electrodes. HTMs and ETMs are inserted at each interface to facilitate charge transfer, transport, and collection [5]. The chemical structure of a perovskite can be represented as ABX3, as illustrated i
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