Recent progresses of micro-nanostructured transition metal compound-based electrocatalysts for energy conversion technol
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Published online 10 September 2020 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1452-9
Recent progresses of micro-nanostructured transition metal compound-based electrocatalysts for energy conversion technologies 1
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Jiajun Wang , Zhao Zhang , Jia Ding , Cheng Zhong , Yida Deng , Xiaopeng Han and 1,2* Wenbin Hu ABSTRACT The rapid consumption of fossil fuels has caused increasingly climatic issues and energy crisis, which leads to the urgent demand for developing sustainable and clean energies. Electrocatalysts play a key role in the development of electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Especially, developing efficient and cost-effective catalysts is important for the large-scale application of these devices. Among various electrocatalyst candidates, earth abundant transition metal compound (TMC)-based electrocatalysts are being widely and rapidly studied owing to their high electrocatalytic performances. This paper reviews the recent and representative advances in efficient TMC-based electrocatalysts (i.e., oxides, sulfides, selenides, phosphides, carbides and nitrides) for energy electrocatalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Different compounds with different applications are summarized and the relative mechanisms are also discussed. The strategies for developing earth-abundant and low-cost TMC-based electrocatalysts are introduced. In the end, the current challenges and future perspectives in the development of TMC research are briefly discussed. This review also provides the latest advance and outlines the frontiers in TMC-based electrocatalysts, which should provide inspirations for the further development of low-cost and high-efficiency catalysts for sustainable clean energy technologies. Keywords: energy electrocatalysis, transition metal compounds, HER, OER, ORR
INTRODUCTION The rapidly increasing consumption of fossil fuels (e.g., coal, petroleum and natural gas) is causing a series of climatic issues and seriously damaging the global environment [1–3]. Developing renewable and environment-friendly energy systems has shown promising prospects for the sustainable development of human society [4–7]. Among various strategies, the electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices have drawn great attentions due to their low carbon emissions and high energy densities [8]. Typically, these devices with different applications usually involve different electrochemical reactions, such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR) and alkohol electrooxidation reaction (AOR) [9–12]. Therefore, it is critical to improve the kinetics and reduce the power consumptions of these reactions for high device performances. Electrocatalysts play a critical role in enhancing reaction rates via facilitating the conversion of reaction intermediates and reducing the resistance [13,14]. Noble metals have been regarde
