Recognition method of typical anomalies during karst tunnel construction using GPR attributes and Gaussian processes
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Recognition method of typical anomalies during karst tunnel construction using GPR attributes and Gaussian processes Maomao Liu 1 & Zonghui Liu 1,2 & Dong Zhou 1 & Riyan Lan 2 & Heng Wu 1 Received: 30 July 2019 / Accepted: 29 July 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical exploration technique used in a wide range of applications such as polar exploration, hydrogeological surveys, and archeological prospection. In recent years, it has been applied to tunnel construction for forecasting geological anomalies in front of the tunnel face. However, the application of GPR, forecasting geological anomalies in karst tunnels, has always been restricted by the problem of ambiguity. In the paper, based on the GPR investigation of highway tunnels in the karst areas in Guangxi, China, several GPR data of typical karst geological anomalies were selected as the analysis objective. The purpose of this study is twofold: to analyze and summarize the GPR attribute characteristics of typical geological anomalies by studies of laboratory tests and to introduce a new method for identifying different types of karst geological anomalies automatically in karst tunnel construction. Firstly, the attribute analysis technology of GPR is introduced, and the propagation law of electromagnetic waves in karst geological anomalies is studied from three perspectives: the time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain by using physical laboratory simulations. Then, an intelligent identification model for typical karst geological anomalies is established in accordance with a Gaussian process (GP). Results from the Gaussian classification of field cases indicate that the type of typical karst geological anomalies can be effectively identified via comparing model prediction probability. The findings of this research allow for quantitative description of the GPR interpretation of typical karst geological anomalies in tunnel advanced prediction. Keywords Ground penetrating radar . Karst tunnel . Attribute analysis . Gaussian process . Typical anomalies recognition
Introduction Responsible Editor: Zeynal Abiddin Erguler * Zonghui Liu [email protected] Maomao Liu [email protected] Dong Zhou [email protected] Riyan Lan [email protected] Heng Wu [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
2
Guangxi Xinfazhan Communications Group, Nanning 530029, Guangxi, China
The karst geological anomalies, such as karst cavity and corroded fracture zones in front of a tunnel face, may create hazardous conditions during tunnel excavation. Different karst geological anomalies have different impacts on tunnel construction, and the treatment measures will be different (Li et al. 2011; Shi et al. 2018). Therefore, accurate prediction of karst geological anomalies ahead of the tunnel face has become a key problem in tunnel construction. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a reliable technique for non-destructive detection of shallow buried objects
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