Reflective spectra of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel A on sand substrates under ambient and cold conditions: Implication
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Reflective spectra of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel A on sand substrates under ambient and cold conditions: Implications for detection using hyperspectral remote sensing and development of age estimation models Jared Brum1 · Christopher Schlegel1 · Caleb Chappell1 · Michelle Burke1 · Mark P. S. Krekeler1 Received: 28 August 2019 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 / Published online: 28 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Fuel spills are a very common occurrence globally and the traditional methods of identification and remediation can be expensive, hazardous, and time consuming. Hyperspectral remote sensing is a technology that utilizes images from a variety of air vehicles or satellites where each pixel in the image contains a quantitative reflected light spectrum that is a function of the materials in view. Laboratory and field experiments are desirable for building an effective reflective spectra library. This project evaluated the reflective spectra of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel A on the spectrally bright Ottawa sand and a darker silica-rich sand from New Mexico (New Mexico 15) under room temperature and cold weather conditions. For the room temperature experiments, gasoline was only detectable to 90 min after initial application, diesel fuel was detectable out to 11 weeks on Ottawa sand, as well as the New Mexico 15 samples. Jet fuel A was detectable out to 5 weeks on Ottawa sand and the New Mexico 15 samples. For all cold condition experiments, gasoline was identifiable on substrates up until the 72-h mark largely and diesel fuel and jet fuel A were identifiable on each substrate out to 5 weeks. Regressions were fit to vaporization curves for room temperature and cold weather conditions and all were logarithmic in nature except for jet fuel A under lab and cold weather conditions which were best fit by power functions. Unexpectedly, diesel fuel evaporated more under cold weather conditions. Results indicate that fuel-substrate experiments can provide critical data for hyperspectral remote sensing investigations and future detailed work on fuels and other organic compounds is warranted. Keywords Reflective spectroscopy · Hyperspectral remote sensing · Fuel spills · Petroleum pollution delineation
Introduction Fuel spills are a very common occurrence globally (e.g., Song et al. 1990; Squillance et al. 1996; Gallego et al. 2001; USEPA 2004; Liang et al. 2011; Natural Resource Defense Council, 2015). These events are associated with normal operation of petroleum product systems and with accidents such as vehicular collisions, storage leaks, mechanical Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09165-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mark P. S. Krekeler [email protected] 1
Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Sciences, and Mathematical and Physical Sciences Department, Miami University Hamilton, Hamilton, Ohio 45011, USA
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