Reframe policymaking dysfunction through bipartisan-inclusion leadership
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Reframe policymaking dysfunction through bipartisan‑inclusion leadership John W. Straka1 · Brenda C. Straka2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Persistent policy failures have been examined in recent years with a focus on the role of political systems. We evaluate the growth of dysfunctional policymaking in the U.S. and propose a countering approach. Policy failures often reflect partisan policy stalemate, errors or unintended consequences, polarized extremism or imbalance, or partisan reversals with changes in power. Extremes in partisanship are not new historically, but growing policy failures due to negative partisanship have now severely damaged public trust. More “party blind” conditions in policy formulation may be able to renew a more productive social contract. We propose a disruptive presidential leadership approach of bipartisan inclusion to seek to reframe the partisan divides, counter negative partisanship and extremes, re-establish better policymaking interactions, and improve governance and policy outcomes. Dysfunctional policymaking has been attributed to Republicans and Democrats in a Prisoner’s Dilemma. Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemmas often lead to higher rates of cooperation, and similarly, historical policymaking included greater cooperation, but in recent decades the bipartisan norms of governance have substantially eroded. We describe three complementary explanations, which suggest that non-cooperative partisan policymaking has become self-reinforcing, and institutional changes to promote cooperation should focus on lowering the risk-adjusted cost–benefit ratio, making cooperation safer and more attractive for policymakers. Keywords Government dysfunction · Prisoner’s Dilemma · Zero sum · Polarization · Party loyalty · Stag Hunt · Bipartisan
* John W. Straka [email protected] Brenda C. Straka [email protected] 1
Model Risk Professional, Oakton, VA 22124, USA
2
Social Psychology, Duke University, 417 Chapel Dr, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Policy Sciences
Introduction Persistent policy failures have been examined in recent years with a focus on the role of political systems (Howlett et al. 2015; Derwort et al. 2018; Schultz 2008). This paper evaluates the growth of dysfunctional policymaking in the U.S. compared with earlier history and proposes a countering approach. Policy failures often reflect partisan policy stalemate with a drifting status quo, errors or unintended consequences, polarized extremism or imbalance, or partisan reversals with changes in power. Extremes in partisanship are not new historically, but growing policy failures due to negative partisanship have now severely damaged public trust in institutions. We describe three complementary explanations, which suggest that non-cooperative partisan policymaking has become self-reinforcing, and institutional changes to promote cooperation should focus on lowering the risk-adjusted cost–benefit ratio, making cooperation safer and more attractive for poli
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