Regression, Progression and Renewal: The Continuous Redevelopment of Expertise in Police Use of Force Coaching
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Regression, Progression and Renewal: The Continuous Redevelopment of Expertise in Police Use of Force Coaching Mario S. Staller1 · Swen Körner2 Received: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Professionalism in law enforcement requires the identification and development of expertise of police use of force (PUOF) coaches. Effective PUOF training includes the transfer from the training into the real-world environment of policing. This difference between working in the field and working as a PUOF coach has not been thoroughly investigated. However, research in other professional domains has shown that practical competence in the subject matter itself does not make a coach effective or successful. With this article, we conceptualize expert practice in PUOF instruction on the basis of a conflict management training setting in the security domain. First, by discussing a model of “territories of expertise”, we point out the dynamic and contextual character of expertise within the PUOF domain. Second, by conceptualizing expertise as a process and effect of communication, we provide a framework that describes and examines the interdependency between performance-based and reputation-based expertise. These considerations present two practical challenges, which we recommend professional law enforcement institutions to engage. We close by providing practical orientations and pointers for addressing these issues. Keywords Expertise · Police use of force training · Coaching · Professionality
1 Introduction How can we develop expertise in teaching conflict management? * Mario S. Staller [email protected] Swen Körner koerner@dshs‑koeln.de 1
Department of Police, University of Applied Sciences of Police and Public Administration North Rhine-Westfalia, Aachen, Germany
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Department of Training Pedagogy and Martial Research, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
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M. S. Staller, S. Körner
Police use of force (PUOF) coaches and law enforcement decision-makers, who are responsible to prepare police officers for the conflict situations they face in the field, have asked this question all across Germany. Aware of the speculative nature of interpreting this question, we still perceive an insecurity concerning the developmental pathways of police use of force (PUOF) coaches and other security professionals. When we refer to PUOF coaches, we include “trainers”, “instructors” in all disciplines related to enhancing the capacity of learners to deal with conflict in the field (e.g. firearms trainers, tactical instructors, selfdefence coaches, de-escalation coaches, etc.). In Germany, PUOF coaches are tasked to prepare officers for the demands of verbal or physical conflict situations that they may encounter during their operational duty in the field (Staller and Körner 2019). Depending on the organization and the federal state, PUOF coaches instruct recruits, regular duty officers or specialized personnel according to theirs specific needs. Correspondingly, intern
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