Regulation of morphology and visible light-driven photocatalysis of WO 3 nanostructures by changing pH
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Regulation of morphology and visible light-driven photocatalysis of WO3 nanostructures by changing pH You-Shu Fan, Xiao-Li Xi*
, Yang-Si Liu, Zuo-Ren Nie, Lin-Yan Zhao, Qing-Hua Zhang
Received: 5 July 2019 / Revised: 26 September 2019 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 Ó The Nonferrous Metals Society of China and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The controlled preparation of hexagonal tungsten trioxide (h-WO3) nanostructures was achieved by adjusting the pH of the precursor solution. The effect of the pH on the morphology, elemental composition, and photocatalytic performance of the samples was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra were used to evaluate the absorbance and the photocatalytic performance of methylene blue. Photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photocurrent response and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) were used to study the optical properties, electrical performance, and specific surface area of the WO3- nanostructures, respectively. The results indicate that the WO3 nanorods prepared at pH = 1.0 exhibit the highest photocatalytic performance (87.4% in 1 h), whereas the WO3 nanoblocks prepared at pH = 3.0 show the lowest. The photocatalytic performance of the one dimensional (1D)-nanorods can be attributed to their high specific surface area and charge transfer ability. The h-WO3 nanostructures were synthesized via a simple method and without a capping agent. They show an excellent photocatalytic performance, which is promising for their application in environment purification.
Y.-S. Fan, X.-L. Xi*, Y.-S. Liu, Z.-R. Nie, L.-Y. Zhao, Q.-H. Zhang College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China e-mail: [email protected] X.-L. Xi, Y.-S. Liu, Z.-R. Nie National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Keywords h-WO3; Morphology; pH; Photocatalysis; Charge transfer; Optoelectrical properties
1 Introduction In recent years, semiconductor photocatalytic technology has been greatly improved and provides a practical and contemporary solution to environmental pollution [1–3]. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a typical semiconductor with a narrower band gap (2.4–2.8 eV) and higher light capture range than TiO2 and ZnO [4, 5]. These characteristics result in its more efficient use of the solar energy. Moreover, its unique physicochemical properties make it widely used in photocatalysis [6–8], sensor fabrication [9, 10], and many other fields [11]. In general, the preparation methods of WO3 include chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [12], spray pyrolysis [13, 14], ion implantation, magnetron sputtering [15], hydro/solvent thermal methods [8, 16], and electrochemical deposition [17–19]. Among
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