Relation between surface dynamics and remote sensor InSAR results over the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador
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Relation between surface dynamics and remote sensor InSAR results over the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador José Alexander Chavez Hernandez1 · Milan Lazecký2 · Jiří Šebesta3 · Matúš Bakoň4 Received: 15 September 2019 / Accepted: 2 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract InSAR information to record dynamic changes on the surface using remote sensor has been obtained for the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador and compared with surface dynamic situation and fixed GPS surface movement information. The city is located in an active tectonic depression between the tectonic remains of ancient volcanoes and active volcanic centers. This area has been historically affected by earthquakes, volcanic activity, erosion, mass movements, and flooding. The morphology of the area has been changed by human activities, most of the time without any respect to natural processes thus increasing the problems. There are sectors that show subsidence close to Ilopango Caldera that could be connected to diastrophic block tectonic movements connected to post-seismic episodes after 2012 earthquake, and aquifer level changes due effects of climate change and overexploitation of aquifers. These movements may increase the huge problems of erosion and mass wasting through las Cañas basin. In addition, after 2017 seismic swarm a horizontal movement was recorded with the satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) in two areas, which reflects the possible movement of faults that crosses the area of study. This type of information provides important data for the decision-making of land, protection and mitigation zones, monitoring of governmental institutions, and for regional planning. Keywords InSAR · Erosion · Radar · Surface dynamic · Geomorphology · Mass wasting
* José Alexander Chavez Hernandez [email protected] Milan Lazecký [email protected] Jiří Šebesta [email protected] Matúš Bakoň [email protected] 1
Oficina de Planificación del Área Metropolitana de San Salvador (OPAMSS), Diagonal San Carlos 15 Avenida Norte y 25, Calle Poniente Col. Layco, San Salvador, El Salvador
2
IT4Innovations, VSB-TU Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 33 Ostrava‑Poruba, Czech Republic
3
Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague 1, Czech Republic
4
Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Management, University of Presov, Konstantinova 16, Pres̆ov, Slovakia
13
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Natural Hazards
1 Introduction Like any other regions of the world, El Salvador experiences problems related to surface changes, which are increased by important geological and hydro-meteorological events (floods, slope movements, seismicity, heavy rain events and erosion). These problems (Fig. 1) are aggravated in the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador (MASS) due to its young evolving relief with high population density of 2772 hab/km2 (Digestyc 2017) and high concentration of economic activities. In order to make proper decisions on the future growth of the city and fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals, the study of geological risks is imper
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