Relationship between contraceptive methods and human papillomavirus positivity
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GENERAL GYNECOLOGY
Relationship between contraceptive methods and human papillomavirus positivity Fulya Kayikcioglu1 · Irem Alyazici Kucukyildiz2 · Müzeyyen Gunes1 · Runa Özelci1 · Berna Dilbaz1 · Serdar Dilbaz1 Received: 21 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Understanding the effect of contraceptive use on high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity may provide information that is valuable to women in contraceptive decision-making. This study includes women aged 30–65 years who admitted to Family Planing outpatient clinic and have hrHPVDNA positivity. Methods We included a total of 801 women. All participants underwent national cervical cancer screening using HPV screening test conducted by the Cancer Control Department of the Ministry of Health. They completed a questionnaire on demographic information and potential risk factors. Results The HPV DNA positivity rate among all participants was 8.4%. The two most common HPV genotypes were HPV16 and HPV51. Meanwhile, hrHPV infection was associated with age, marital status, smoking status, and contraceptive method. Conclusion HPV is the most common cause of sexually transmitted diseases. Understanding about the reproductive and demographic characteristics affecting HPV persistence is crucial. The effect of contraceptive methods on HPV positivity is important information that is necessary to be relayed to women by healthcare professionals. Keywords Contraceptive method · Human papillomavirus · Intrauterine device · Active smoking
Introduction Globally, anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection related mainly to cervical precancer and cancer [1]. Researchers estimated that around 75%–80% of sexually active individuals will acquire some subtype of HPV throughout life. Similar to all sexually transmitted infections, the peak prevalence of HPV infection typically occurs within the first decade after sexual debut, typically between the ages of 15 and 25 years in most Western countries. Most infections typically resolve within 24 months [2]. However, persistent infection with high-risk HPV (HrHPV) types can increase the risk of precancerous or cancerous lesions [2, 3]. * Irem Alyazici Kucukyildiz [email protected] 1
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medical Sciences, Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumhuriyet University School of Medicine, İmaret/Sivas, Merkez/Sivas, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
2
Furthermore, regional variations in HPV genotype distribution and positivity are reportedly significant. HPV positivity rate varies in each region in Turkey, but general HPV positivity rate is extremely low in Turkey compared with that in other countries. The association between HPV and cervical precancer and cancer is considerably strong that most of the other behavioral, sexual, and socioeconomic covariables depend on HPV infection and
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